Then, each denture was immersed in sterile saline (control) or CHX (2%, 1% or 0.2%) for 10 min. Samples of serial dilutions were spread on Agar Sabouraud Dextrose and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. The colonies were counted and the values of log(cfu ml−1) were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis MLN8237 mouse test (P < 0.05). Dentures immersed in CHX were incubated for

7 days. For all strains, the cfu ml−1 values of 0.2% CHX were significantly higher than those of 2% and 1% CHX. There was no difference between the cfu ml−1 values of 2% and 1% CHX. For dentures immersed in CHX, ATCC 90028 strain showed lower cfu ml−1 values than R2 and R3 strains. For control dentures, cfu ml−1 values of ATCC 90028 strain were higher than those of R strains. Immersion in 2% CHX resulted in the highest number of dentures without fungal growth after 7 days. For denture disinfection, 2% CHX was Adriamycin in vivo the most effective concentration, and R strains were

less susceptible to disinfection. Chlorhexidine is effective in disinfection of dentures contaminated with azole-resistant C. albicans. “
“Fungal prosthetic valve endocarditis is a rare but devastating disease. To better characterise this syndrome, we retrospectively reviewed 21 cases of fungal prosthetic valve endocarditis seen at Mayo Clinic over the past 40 years. The average patient age was 65 years with a 2 : 1 male predominance. Twelve of 21 cases (57%) occurred within 1 year of prosthetic valve placement. The aortic valve was most commonly affected, and the most common aetiological agent was Candida species, followed by Histoplasma capsulatum. Although 20 of 21 patients (95%) were immunocompetent, they had other risk factors for fungal infection. Patients typically presented with systemic signs and symptoms of infection, and cardiac imaging was abnormal in 68% of cases. Pathological evaluation of valve material was of high yield, with organisms identified in 92% of cases who underwent valve replacement surgery or had an autopsy

performed. Prosthetic valve fungal endocarditis was associated with a high morbidity and mortality, with 67% of patients experiencing complications and oxyclozanide 57% of patients dying of infection-related disease. Hopefully, with the prompt institution of early medical therapy, surgical intervention and lifelong oral antifungal suppressive therapy, cure rates will continue to improve. “
“This study aimed at evaluating the short-term efficacy and safety of probiotics as an aid in the treatment of Candida-associated stomatitis in a randomised controlled trial. A total of 65 patients were randomly assigned to receive oral local antifungal agents alone (gargle 2% sodium bicarbonate solution for 30 s, wait 10 min and then apply 2% nystatin paste) or these agents plus local probiotics (the mixture of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) three times per day for 4 weeks.