Twenty-five Na+ ions were added to the system for neutralization of the charge on the sugar-phosphate

backbone. SWNT was selected as a zigzag (16,0) nanotube. Its length and diameter were 11.0 and 1.122 nm, respectively. SWNT atoms were uncharged. For modeling, periodical boundary conditions were provided (box’s size 50 Å × 140 Å × 65 Å). Hybrid was embedded in water (more than 14,000 H2O molecules). The system was minimized during 1,000 steps (with 1-fs time step) and then modeled during 50 ns (time step was also 1 fs). The first 2 ns of simulation time was considered as an equilibration step; this time was not taken into account for data analysis. In our simulations, NPT ensemble was used. Isobaric-isothermal ensemble (NPT) is characterized

by a fixed number of atoms, N, a fixed pressure, P, and a fixed temperature, T. The temperatures and pressures in the periodic boxes were SGC-CBP30 343 K and 1 atm, respectively. The temperature of the simulated system was selected in accordance with our earlier learn more results [37] indicating that the temperature growth increases the rate of achieving the energetically more favored conformation of oligomer on the nanotube mainly because of the destruction of nitrogen base self-stacking. As a result, this makes easier the process of the oligomer wrapping around the nanotube. The temperature rise in the moderate range increases the hybridization rate, too [38]. After 50 ns modeling, free r(I)10 (in A-conformation) Vistusertib was added to the system. Ten Na+ ions were added

to the system for neutralization of the charge on the r(I)10. Temperature, pressure, and periodic boundary conditions were the same as in the case of the previous modeling. Interaction energies were calculated by the NAMD Energy Plugin (version 1.3) which was implemented in the VMD program package [39]. Results and discussion Spectroscopic investigation of poly(rI) hybridization with poly(rC) At first, we have studied the hybridization of fragmented poly(rI) and poly(rC) in aqueous solution to compare this process with the polymer hybridization on the nanotube surface. At neutral pH and middle ionic strengths (0.07 M Na+) Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase of solution, poly(rC) forms with poly(rI) the double-stranded helix in which Watson-Crick base pairs have two hydrogen bonds between hypoxanthine of one strand and cytosine of the opposite strand (Figure  1) [31]. Figure 1 Hybridized rI-rC structure with Watson-Crick base pairing. Blue balls – N, green balls – C, gray balls – H, red balls – O, and deep-yellow balls – P. Figure  2 (curve 1) shows the time dependence of the hypochromic coefficient for the duplex of two homopolymers upon its formation, starting from the mixing of poly(rI) and poly(rC) solutions. Note that the decrease of this coefficient indicates the appearance of double-stranded (ds-) poly(rI)∙poly(rC) in aqueous solution.