TNF was more potent in inducing pro apoptotic mediators and nuclear chro matin condensation in NOD acinar cells. VIP inhibited TNF induced apoptotic events through a cAMP mediated pathway. Materials and methods Animals NOD and BALBc female mice were bred and maintained in the Central Animal Care Facility at the School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires. Mice were fasted overnight with water ad libitum before used. They were routinely tested for blood glucose levels and considered pre diabetic as their val ues of serum glucose on two occasions over a 24 hour period did not significantly differ from those of control mice. NOD mice of 16 weeks of age used throughout this study presented a reduced saliva flow rate as compared with BALBc control mice.
All studies were conducted according to standard protocols of the Ani mal Care and Use Committee Odanacatib solubility of the School of Exact and Nat ural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Submandibular acinar cell isolation and treatments Submandibular glands were quickly removed and immediately transferred to ice cold RPMI 1640 10% fetal bovine serum. Acinar cell iso lation was performed as previously described. For each experiment, the tissue coming from about 10 NOD and 10 BALBc submandibular glands was minced into small fragments and digested in 2. 5 ml RPMI containing Collagenase IV. 10% FBS and 0. 1 gL soybean trypsin inhibitor at 37 C in a shaking water bath for 10 minutes, dispersed with a plastic pipette, filtered through a nylon mesh.
The acinar cells were centrifuged kinase inhibitor Omecamtiv mecarbil at 400 g for 10 seconds for three times in fresh RPMI medium containing 10% FBS and were seeded on flat bottom 24 well microtitre plates and incubated for two hours at 37 C in a humidified incubator with 5% carbon dioxide to sep arate glandular immune adherent cells. The purified suspen sion presented a homogenous population of acinar cells with a minimal presence of mononuclear immune cells as revealed by flow cytometry analysis. Viability of acinar cell suspension was stated by acridine orangepropidium iodide staining and trypan blue exclusion. Resulting acini were plated and cultured in RPMI 1640 10% FBS for the times indicated for each determination. When used, recom binant TNF was added to acinar cells for 3. 5 hours for RT PCR experi ments or six hours for nuclear condensation, caspase 3 activity and immunoblotting experiments. In some experiments, cells were pre incubated for 30 minutes with 100 nM VIP before TNF addition in the pres ence or absence of H89. Nuclear chromatin condensation Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 20 minutes at 4 C, exposed to 0.