Additionally, it is important to mention that samples calcined at different temperatures (850–1000 °C) confirms

the prevalence of these carboxylate groups. It is known that the properties and processability of the carboxylate-alumoxanes are strongly dependent on the nature and size of the organic group attached to the boehmite core. It is expected that all the organic fraction was removed to obtaining only γ-alumina. However, the permanence of carboxylate groups at this temperature can be attributed to the complexity of the structures of rosin acids: partially unsaturated PARP inhibitor with one carboxyl group and three fused six-membered rings. This organic substituted alumina ceramic nanoparticles could have interesting catalytic applications, could be doped at room temperature in aqueous solution with some metal cations to prepare novel catalyst and catalyst support materials. The ease of introduction of multiple cations into the alumina lattice via the alumoxane approach provides

a method for fine-tuning catalyst support properties and the fabrication of new catalyst materials themselves [6] and [7] Fig. 9(A and B) shows the N2 PD0332991 concentration physisorption isotherm and pore size distribution, respectively, of the calcined sample. The sample showed IV-type isotherm (definition by IUPAC) [26] which is characteristic of mesoporous material. The appearance of type H2 hysteresis loop in the isotherm indicates the presence of “ink-bottle” type pores [26]. The physisorption measurements revealed a large BET surface area (183 m2/g), a pore volume of 0.4 cm3 g−1), and a narrow pore size distribution, centred at ∼10 nm pore diameter resulting from interparticulate voids Staurosporine price existing between the nanoparticles (Fig. 9B). Pine resin contains compounds of low solubility in water. Among these, resin acids (Table 2) and fatty acids have been identified [28] and [29]. These hydrophobic components may exist as suspended colloids [30], [31], [32], [33] and [34]. The reasons

for this have been attributed to an increase in the stability of the colloidal droplets [30], [31], [32], [33] and [34], due to changes in the surface charge density. These conditions would help the carboxylic acids groups on the hydrophobic molecules to become oriented towards the surface of the colloidal droplets. Moreover, the carboxylic acids groups would easily interact with the aluminum monohydroxide formed as a product of the hydrolysis of the aluminum alkoxide. Subsequently, this could allow the formation of a carboxylate alumoxane. In addition, it is known that these suspended colloids have an additional stability caused by the dissolved sugars from resin [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37] and [38]. Among these have been mentioned, polysaccharides (galactoglucomannans, water soluble arabinogalactans) and monosacharides (xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid and galactose) [30], [31] and [32].