Tissue contents of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and its metabolite

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (Waters Instrument, Model 700, Milford, MA, USA), which is consisted of a 600E solvent delivery system equipped with a 2487 UV Detector set Linsitinib price at 254 nm and a 717 Auto-sampler. The mobile phase, comprising of 88% distilled water, 2% acetonitrile and 10% ammonium acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH 5.0) was pumped at a rate of 1 ml/min. The column used is a Atlantis dC18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size, Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, and preplanned comparisons between groups performed by post hoc Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Difference test, using StatView software (Abacus, Berkeley, CA). The level of significance was set at P < 0.05, and all values were presented as means ± SE. Nx rats became significantly lighter than sham rats on the post-operational day 10 (P < 0.05); i.e., body weights of www.selleckchem.com/products/Etopophos.html Nx rats were 284.137 ± 8.533 g and sham rats 284.943 ± 5.132 g on the operation day, and 251.146 ± 13.548 g in Nx rats, 310.377 ± 14.609 g

in sham rats on the post-operational day 10. Although the weight loss in Nx rats persisted, total weight gain during the experimental period did not differ between the groups (118.592 ± 19.351 g in Nx, 128.305 ± 14.916 g in sham). Daily food intake of Nx rats did not significantly differ from sham rats; i.e. averaged daily intake during the experimental period was 34.438 ± 3.113 g in Nx rats and 33.420 ± 1.605 in sham rats. Sucrose drinking test was performed during 3 consecutive days starting on the post-operational day 10. During each test session, Nx and sham rats had free choices of sucrose (1% or 5%) and water for 30 min. Sham rats drank sucrose solutions (either 1% or 5%) more than water on the test days 2 and 3, whilst the amount of sucrose solutions consumed by Nx rats on those days did not differ from water consumption (Fig. 1A and B).

Moreover, Nx rats consumed significantly reduced amount of 1% sucrose compared with water on the test day 1 (Fig. 1A). Ambulatory activities of Nx and sham rats Amrubicin were measured in a computerized activity chamber for 30 min on the post-operational day 20. Ambulatory counts, the total counts of beam interruptions in the horizontal sensor, and the travelled distance were gradually decreased during the test session both in Nx and sham rats, with decreased scores in Nx rats at each time point (Fig. 2A and B). Centre zone activities, such as entry into, stay and travel in the centre zone, and rearing activity during the activity test were significantly reduced in Nx rats, compared to sham rats (Fig. 2C–F), and the number of rostral grooming was markedly increased in Nx rats compared with sham rats (Fig. 2G).