Moreover, 10 min was considered too short for a genomic response. Therefore, any changes in glucose accumulation would be caused by non-genomic mechanisms. All comparisons were based on 4-6 wells per solution, and specific comparisons were performed on the same plate to avoid inter-plate and inter-day variation. Statistical Analysis Rates of glucose accumulation (DPM/min)

are presented as means ± SEM. One-way ANOVA was applied to search GSK1210151A for an effect of treatment on glucose accumulation using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS (Version 9.1.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC,). When a significant treatment effect was detected, specific differences among treatments were identified by the Duncan’s test. A critical value of P < 0.05 was used for all statistical comparisons. References 1. Berkes J, Viswanathan VK, Savkovic SD, Hecht G: Intestinal epithelial responses to enteric pathogens: effects on

the tight junction barrier, ion transport, and inflammation. Gut 2003,52(3):439–451.PubMedCrossRef 2. Hodges K, Gill R, Ramaswamy K, Dudeja PK, Hecht G: Rapid activation of Na+/H+ exchange by EPEC is PKC mediated. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006,291(5):G959–968.PubMedCrossRef 3. Kunzelmann K, McMorran B: First encounter: how pathogens compromise epithelial transport. Physiology (Bethesda) 2004, 19:240–244. 4. Ukena SN, Westendorf {Selleck Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleck Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleck Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleck Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|buy Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library ic50|Anti-diabetic Compound Library price|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cost|Anti-diabetic Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-diabetic Compound Library purchase|Anti-diabetic Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-diabetic Compound Library research buy|Anti-diabetic Compound Library order|Anti-diabetic Compound Library mouse|Anti-diabetic Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-diabetic Compound Library mw|Anti-diabetic Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-diabetic Compound Library datasheet|Anti-diabetic Compound Library supplier|Anti-diabetic Compound Library in vitro|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cell line|Anti-diabetic Compound Library concentration|Anti-diabetic Compound Library nmr|Anti-diabetic Compound Library in vivo|Anti-diabetic Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cell assay|Anti-diabetic Compound Library screening|Anti-diabetic Compound Library high throughput|buy Antidiabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library ic50|Antidiabetic Compound Library price|Antidiabetic Compound Library cost|Antidiabetic Compound Library solubility dmso|Antidiabetic Compound Library purchase|Antidiabetic Compound Library manufacturer|Antidiabetic Compound Library research buy|Antidiabetic Compound Library order|Antidiabetic Compound Library chemical structure|Antidiabetic Compound Library datasheet|Antidiabetic Compound Library supplier|Antidiabetic Compound Library in vitro|Antidiabetic Compound Library cell line|Antidiabetic Compound Library concentration|Antidiabetic Compound Library clinical trial|Antidiabetic Compound Library cell assay|Antidiabetic Compound Library screening|Antidiabetic Compound Library high throughput|Anti-diabetic Compound high throughput screening| AM, Hansen W, Rohde M, Geffers R, Coldewey S, Suerbaum S, Buer J, Gunzer F: The host response to the probiotic Escherichia coli BIX 1294 order strain Nissle 1917: specific up-regulation of the proinflammatory chemokine MCP-1. BMC Med Genet 2005, 6:43.PubMedCrossRef 5. Erickson KL, Hubbard NE: Probiotic immunomodulation in health and disease. J Nutr 2000,130(2S Suppl):403S-409S.PubMed 6. Mattar AF, Teitelbaum DH, Drongowski RA, Yongyi F, Harmon CM, Coran AG: Probiotics up-regulate MUC-2 mucin gene expression in a Caco-2 cell-culture model. Pediatr Surg Int 2002,18(7):586–590.PubMedCrossRef

7. Wehkamp J, Harder J, Wehkamp K, Wehkamp-von Meissner B, Schlee M, Enders C, Sonnenborn U, Nuding S, Bengmark S, Fellermann K, et al.: NF-kappaB- and AP-1-mediated induction of human beta defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: many a novel effect of a probiotic bacterium. Infect Immun 2004,72(10):5750–5758.PubMedCrossRef 8. Gorbach SL, Chang TW, Goldin B: Successful treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG. Lancet 1987,2(8574):1519.PubMedCrossRef 9. Bach SJMT, Veira DM, Gannon VPJ, Holley RA: Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae feed supplement on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminal fluid in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2003, 104:179–189.CrossRef 10. Lorca GL, Wadstrom T, Valdez GF, Ljungh A: Lactobacillus acidophilus autolysins inhibit Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Curr Microbiol 2001,42(1):39–44.PubMedCrossRef 11.