13 mmol/L (-0.15 to -0.13 selleck compound mmol/L; -0.41 mg/dl [-0.46 to -0.37 mg/dl]). These results were consistent across the subgroups defined by estimated GFR of <60 or >= 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), a serum phosphorus of >1.13 mmol/L (3.5 mg/dl) versus <= 1.13 mmol/L (3.5 mg/dl), the presence of clinical diabetes, or concomitant statin use.\n\nConclusions: We

have provided definitive evidence that once-daily ERN-L treatment causes a sustained 0.13-mmol/L (0.4-mg/dl) reduction in serum phosphorus concentrations, approximately 10% from baseline, which is unaffected by estimated GFR ranging from 30 to >= 90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (i.e., stages 1 through 3 chronic kidney disease). Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5: 582-589, 2010. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07341009″
“Anthrax edema toxin (ET), a powerful adenylyl cyclase, screening assay is an important virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis. Until recently, only a modest amount of research was performed to understand the role this toxin plays in the organism’s immune evasion strategy. A new wave of studies have begun to elucidate the effects this toxin has on a variety of host cells. While efforts have been made to illuminate the effect ET has on cells of the adaptive

immune system, such as T cells, the greatest focus has been on cells of the innate immune system, particularly the macrophage. Here we discuss the immunoevasive activities that ET exerts on macrophages, as well as new research on the effects of this toxin on B cells.”
“The time-course of alpha neurofeedback training (NFT) was

investigated in 18 healthy participants who received 15 sessions of training (eyes open), each consisting of three training periods (data are from Van Boxtel et al., 2012). Here we report on the within-and between-session training effects using multilevel analyses. Over sessions, total alpha power (8-12 Hz) increased up to the tenth session, after which low alpha power (8-10 Hz) remained at the same level, while high alpha power (10-12 Hz) decreased. Within each training session, total alpha power increased from the first to the second period, and then decreased again. This decrease, however, was caused by a decrease in high alpha power only; low alpha power remained up to the end of training. These effects are discussed in terms of Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor attention and motivation, and suggest different trainability for low and high alpha power. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“Prenatal environmental exposures are among the risk factors being explored for associations with autism. We applied a new procedure combining multiple scan cluster detection tests to identify geographically defined areas of increased autism incidence. This procedure can serve as a first hypothesis-generating step aimed at localized environmental exposures, but would not be useful for assessing widely distributed exposures, such as household products, nor for exposures from nonpoint sources, such as traffic.