All 14 patients had successful stabilization with cementoplasty and symptomatic pain relief was achieved within 24 hours after procedure in 13 of the 14 patients. Moreover, mobility after procedure was improved in 13 of the 14 cases by 1 week [52]. Many other studies have evaluated the success of cementoplasty alone selleck chemicals Imatinib or in combination with other interventional procedures (Table 5). Table 5 Summary of cementoplasty studies in metastatic disease. Hoffmann et al. reviewed 22 patients with 28 metastatic lesions in the spine, pelvis, and lower extremities treated with RA followed by cementoplasty. Pain relief occurred in all patients within 24 hours and after 3 months of the performed procedure. Moreover, the amount of pain medications used was also reduced in 15 of the 22 patients.

The complication rates were also low [54]. 4. Conclusion Surgery and chemotherapy have long been the mainstay of treatment in metastatic disease. However, due to medical comorbidities, intolerance of systemic drug therapy, patient preference, and progression of disease, minimally invasive methods may be utilized in these scenarios. These techniques are becoming more applicable for the treatment of patients with metastatic disease and give the option of less invasive surgical approaches for palliation and local control. With the advancement of research and technology, new and innovative minimally invasive procedures are continually being developed and will benefit increasing numbers of patients with metastatic disease. Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Years after surgical procedures are performed, operative reports are often the only source of information another surgeon possesses when attempting to understand the history and internal anatomy of a patient. Evidence shows that a structured format for documenting findings improves overall accuracy of reporting and, by extension, is likely to improve patient outcomes [1, 2]. An appropriately detailed report may greatly improve treatment strategy and general preparedness for a case, theoretically leading to better patient safety and care. While efforts have been made in the general surgical field to improve and standardize operative reports, these efforts are still lacking in gynecology surgery. Pelvic anatomy is unique in that various pathologies can be missed if not intentionally sought out for identification. These anatomical characteristics could influence Anacetrapib the detailed description of pelvic findings during surgery in general and, more specifically, during laparoscopy. Classically the pelvis is divided into a true and false pelvis.