Another approach consisted in using a lentivirus based vector to transfect the parkin AB42 transgene in the motor cortex of Sprague Dawley rats. The treated animals exhibited else intraneuronal Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries amyloidosis, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death. However, a major limitation of this model is the lack of cognitive impairment due to the site chosen by the investigators to inject the lentiviral construct. Indeed, no alteration of the motor cortex, an area not primarily a?ected in AD, would a?ect cognitive performances, and this should be regarded as a major setback. Conclusion AD is a devastating disease that takes a tremendous toll on western societies and beyond. Unfortunately, despite decades of e?ort and billions of dollars spent, no real treatment has been brought to the market.

However, all of the drug candidates that failed in clinical trials showed anti AD activity Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries in various transgenic animal models. Until recently, drug development Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries research programs exclusively used transgenic Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries mouse models to assess the properties of drug candidates. Transgenic models still represent the golden standard. However, if we consider contributions to drug development and release to the market the ultimate validation of an animal model, we must admit that there is room for di?erent types of animal models. It is especially crucial to stress that rat and mouse transgenic models of AD address only the familial form of the disease, which barely represents 5% of AD cases.

We discussed the potential of pharmaco logically induced rat models of AD, which are more relevant to the sporadic form of AD, the FAB rat in particular, and the increasing Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries role they may play in the current http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Y-27632.html drug development for AD e?ort. Indeed, because these models represent the sporadic form of AD, they may, if successful, change the regulatory framework needed to proceed to AD trials and bring value to clinical trial design. The rat, despite been the most widely used animal model in pharmacological and toxicological studies, has long been neglected as a tool for drug discovery in the ?eld of AD. A better understanding of rat strains, an increasing variety of available reagents speci?c to the rat, and the understanding that there is an urgent need for a model relevant to the most frequent form of AD may lead to a new era of animal models that drive future successful drug development. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia worldwide. Pathologically, it is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular beta amyloid pla ques and intracellular tau tangles as well as gliosis and neuronal cell death. More recently, abnormalities in synaptic transmission and vesicular trafficking have been reported in early AD.