Because little is known about determinants of ROM, the

objective of the present study was to explore the association between demographic, articular, and clinical factors and ROM in patients with early symptomatic knee and/or hip OA.

Design: Baseline data of 598 participants of the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) NU7026 cell line study were used in this cross-sectional study.

Methods: Separate analyses were performed for participants with knee and participants with hip symptoms. Active knee flexion, and hip internal rotation, external rotation, flexion, adduction. and abduction were assessed using a goniometer. Participants underwent a standardised physical and radiographic examination, and completed a questionnaire. Exploratory

regression analyses were performed to explore the association between ROM and demographic [i.e., age, gender, body mass index (BMI)], articular [i.e., osteophytosis, joint space narrowing (JSN)], and clinical (i.e., pain, stiffness) factors.

Results: In patients with early symptomatic knee OA, osteophytosis, bony enlargement, crepitus, pain, and higher BMI were associated with lower knee flexion. JSN was associated with lower ROM in all planes of motion. In addition, osteophytosis, flattening of the femoral head, femoral buttressing, pain. morning stiffness, male gender, and higher BMI KPT-8602 concentration were found to be associated with lower hip ROM in two planes of motion.

Conclusion: Features of articular degeneration are associated with lower knee ROM and lower hip ROM in patients with early OA. Pain, stiffness, higher BMI, and male gender are associated with lower ROM as well. (C) 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society HMPL-504 International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The treatment of cocaine addiction remains

a challenge. The dopamine replacement approach in cocaine addiction involves the use of a competing dopaminergic agonist that might suppress withdrawal and drug craving in abstinent individuals. Although it has long been postulated that such an approach may be therapeutically successful, preclinical or clinical evidence showing its effectiveness to prevent relapse is scant. We used in rats a procedure that involved substitution of the N-substituted benztropine analog 3-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-tropane (AHN-1055), a long-acting dopamine uptake inhibitor (DUI), for cocaine. Maintenance treatment was self-administered. After extinction, reinstatement of drug seeking was induced by cocaine priming. We measured the contents of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), c-Fos and Fas-associated death domain (FADD) proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following reinstatement. DUI, but not amphetamine, substitution led to extinction of active lever presses, as did saline substitution. DUI substitution significantly reduced cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, which was strongly elicited after saline substitution.