Correlates of unsigned prediction error when the US was unexpectedly presented or omitted were observed in both centromedial amygdala and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental areas, whereas the basolateral amygdala blood oxygen level-dependent response during the CSs was negatively correlated with subsequent prediction error, and hence was related to prediction accuracy. The work nicely demonstrates convergence of human and animal research concerning fundamental issues of learning in the questions posed (what are the consequences of the confirmation

and violation of learned expectancies for information processing), the approaches taken (quantitative modeling based on well-documented theories of learning), and the behavioral and neural processing results obtained, despite differences in species, behavioral measures, and measures of brain activity. PFT�� purchase The use of common approaches and theoretical perspectives across human and animal studies, each with their Buparlisib nmr own strengths and shortcomings, may provide a unified approach to understanding

relations between cognitive and affective processing. “
“Cover Illustration: Mouse optic nerve remodeling after trauma. Triple immunostaining for GFAP (green) in astrocytes, β3Tubulin (red) in axons, and Dapi (blue) in cell nuclei revealed apparent Astemizole retraction of astrocytic processes from the

lesion site on EphA4 KO optic nerve sections. For details see the article of Joly et al. (The Ephrin receptor EphA4 restricts axonal sprouting and enhances branching in the injured mouse optic nerve. Eur. J. Neurosci., 40, 3021–3031). “
“In the published paper of Cotrufo et al. (2012 ), in the Acknowledgement section, the grant 2010/149 (Ministerio de Sanidad, Plan nacional de Drogas) should be included. “
“This Corrigendum corrects a disassembly of Figure 1D in the published paper of Liu et al. (2013). “
“The acquisition of mature neuronal phenotypes by progenitors residing in different germinal sites along the neuraxis is thought to be regulated by the expression of region-specific combinations of transcription factors or proneural genes. Nevertheless, heterotopic transplantation experiments suggest that fate choices of uncommitted cells can be changed after exposure to a novel neurogenic environment. However, whether progenitors taken from one region of the CNS can switch their fate to acquire features typical of a foreign site has remained controversial. This issue has been recently addressed by James Goldman’s group, by transplanting progenitors isolated from the forebrain subventricular zone to the prospective white matter (PWM) of the postnatal cerebellum (Milosevic et al., 2008).