Discussions Telomerase is a special reverse transcriptase that is composed of RNA and protein and regulates the length of telomere. hTERT is the key component in telomerase and plays important role in genetic

stability and maintainance of chromosomes. Studies have found that telomerase is almost not expressed in normal somatic cells, but its expression and activity are enhanced in most immortalized tumor cells [18, 19]. Previous studies from our group and others have suggested that telomerase is closely related to the incidence of vast majority of human malignant tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Enhancement of its activity is the power source of PI3K Inhibitor Library order constantly increased proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, downregulation buy Daporinad of telomerase activity in tumor cells is one of the important therapeutic measures to inhibit tumor growth and has become a hot topic in tumor gene therapy. Our study and others have suggested that the targeted TK gene therapy under hTERT promoter or enhanced hTERT/CMV promoter can find protocol reduce telomerase activity, eventually leading to the

death of tumor cells including NPC [6, 7]. Thus, further exploration of specific telomerase inhibitors will be a new direction for future research. LPTS/PinX1 is recently discovered in cell

nucleus as a telomerase inhibitor that binds to Pin2/TRF1 complex in vivo. PinX1 gene is located on chromosome 8p22-23 region, which has high frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a series of human cancer cells. LPTS is a novel liver-related putative tumor suppressor gene. The coding sequence of PinX1 is highly homologous to one of the LPTS transcripts, LPTS-L, and considered as a transcript of the same gene [20, 21]. Some studies have found that PinX1 can attenuate telomerase activity, inhibit growth of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Lack of endogenous PinX1 leads to increased telomerase activity SPTLC1 and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Therefore, PinX1 is considered as telomerase inhibitor and tumor suppressor. Recent studies have also suggested that PinX1 as tubulin plays an important role in the maintenance of cell mitosis. The mechanism of PinX1 functioning in tumor cells has not been fully elucidated. Some studies indicate that PinX1 gene can inhibit telomerase activity and induce cell apoptosis, and expression of PinX1 is negatively correlated with hTERT expression and telomerase activity in tumor cells. For examples, Liao et al. [10] reported that upregulation of LPTS-L by transfection of its expression vector in hepatoma cells can inhibit telomerase activity and induce apoptosis; Zhang et al.