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Clomifene the final manuscript.”
“Background The Escherichia coli uropathogenic-specific protein (Usp) has been shown to be associated with E. coli strains that provoke pyelonephritis, prostatitis and bacteraemia, and with increased virulence and fitness of pathogenic strains of E. coli[1–4]. Nucleotide sequence analysis has shown approximately 45% sequence identity of the Usp C-terminal region with that of the E. coli bacteriocin colicin E7, which has nuclease activity, while the Usp N-terminal region is similar to the Type VI protein secretion system component (Hcp like) [5–7]. It has been proposed that Usp acts as a bacteriocin against competing E. coli strains and that it also enhances infectivity in the urinary tract. Recently, we demonstrated the genotoxic find more activity of Usp against mammalian cells [5, 8]. To protect the colicin-producing cell from its own toxin, colicin-encoding operons generally harbour one cognate immunity gene [9]. Colicins and their immunity proteins have some of the strongest protein-protein affinities, which result in the formation of stable colicin–immunity protein complexes [10, 11].