However, the treatment of motor area cavernous angioma represents a great challenge for the surgical team. Here, we describe an approach guided by frameless neuronavigation and preoperative functional mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), for surgical planning. We used TMS

to map the motor cortex and its relationship with the angioma. CA4P inhibitor We achieved complete resection of the lesions in the – surgeries, while avoiding areas of motor response identified during the preoperative mapping. We verified the complete control of seizures (Engel class 1A) in the patients with previous refractory-epilepsy. Postsurgery, one patient was seizure-free without medication, and two patients required only one

medication for seizure control. Thus, navigated TMS appears to be a useful tool, in preoperative planning for cavernous angiomas of the motor area.”
“An old Turkish aphorism tells one to “”eat sweetly and speak sweetly”". Sweets have always been an important component of the Turkish cuisine. The origin of Turkish delight (lokum) dates back to the time of the Ottoman. The beginning of the production of lokum is estimated to be in the 14th and 15th centuries, and its learn more HSP990 cost production had reached today’s form in the 19th century. In the earlier production of lokum, honey and pekmez were used as sweeteners instead of sugar, and flour was used to hold water and give texture instead of starch. From the end of the 18th century,

sugar was being used. Afterwards when floor was replaced by starch, lokum became famous. Lokum is produced by mixing sugar, corn starch and water in certain fractions, and by adding fruits or nuts to the mixture. This mixture is heated for a certain time at a certain temperature in an open vessel or steam jacketed tank with an agitator. Heating time is changed from I to 2 h according to the vessel’s type. Hot lokum fluid is dripped onto a wooden table or steel tray, which has some starch on it, with lower edges, and after sprinkling some starch lokum is cut into small pieces. Powdered sugar is added on these lokum pieces and they are stored and sold.