If the contact ratio – defined to be the

ratio of the contact rate to the number of people out in public – is increasing with the number of people out in public, then there exists a unique Nash equilibrium. Moreover, in equilibrium, the amount of public avoidance is too low with respect to social welfare. On the other hand, if the contact ratio is decreasing Entospletinib solubility dmso in the number of people out in public, then there can be multiple Nash equilibria, none of which is in general socially optimal. Furthermore, the amount of public avoidance in equilibrium with a decreasing contact ratio is too high in that social welfare can be increased if more susceptible individuals choose to go out in public. In the special case where the contact ratio does not vary with the number of people out in public, there is a unique Nash equilibrium, and it is also the socially optimal outcome.

(C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Previous studies demonstrated that the Group III mGlu receptor-selective orthosteric agonist, LSP1-2111 produced anxiolytic- but not antidepressant-like effects upon peripheral administration. Herein, we report the pharmacological actions of Lu AF21934, a novel, selective, and brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the mGlu(4) receptor in the stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH), four-plate, marble-burying and Vogel’s conflict tests. In all models, except Selleck Mocetinostat Vogel’s conflict test, a dose-dependent anxiolytic-like effect was seen. The anti-hyperthermic effect of Lu AF21934 (5 mg/kg) in the SIH test was inhibited by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (10 mg/kg) and was not serotonin-dependent, as it persisted in serotonin-deficient mice and upon blockade of either 5-HT1A receptors by WAY100635, or 5-HT2A/2C receptors by ritanserin. These results suggest that the GABAergic system, but not the serotonergic system, is involved GDC-0973 in vivo in the mechanism of the anxiolytic-like phenotype of Lu AF21934 in rodents. Lu AF21934 did not produce antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension

test (TST) in mice; however, it decreased the basal locomotor activity of mice that were not habituated to activity cages.

This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors’. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Methods: We conducted an audit of HIV testing rates over a 3-month period in an inner London acute admissions unit. Results: Lower respiratory tract infection and fever were the most frequent indicator diseases. A total of 14% were known to be HIV positive on admission, indicating a high prevalence of HIV infection among patients presenting with indicator diseases. Of the remaining 56 patients, 29% were tested for HIV infection, with one new positive diagnosis.

Conclusions: Longer hospital admission and infectious disease consult were associated with testing.