Many animal models have shown that the long-lasting effects of a short dose of Treg cells relies on infectious tolerance – that is, the in vivo generation of new Tregs which ultimately maintain tolerance.63 Compared with solid organs, the gut is rife with tolerance inducing factors, including TGF-β and retinoic acid.37 Indeed, Treg-derived TGF-β has already been shown to mediate infectious tolerance in models of colitis.98 Therefore the gut may be the optimal site to which to target Tregs with the expectation of inducing a life-long therapeutic effect. In addition, the gut’s capacity for regeneration supports the hope of return to normal homeostasis
when chronic inflammation is relieved. With phase I clinical trials using Treg therapy for the check details treatment of type 1 diabetes currently enrolling participants, Treg cellular therapy for IBD is eagerly anticipated.
Major concerns specific to this disease, however, must first be addressed. Chief among these are concerns relating to diversity of the mucosal environment, the desirability of the antigen-specific approach, the significant influence of the microbiota, and the means of determining treatment efficacy. In all likelihood, such an approach will need to be highly individualized to abrogate the need for immunosuppressive drugs, provide relief from inflammatory symptoms and ultimately, long-lasting immune homeostasis. The authors’ own work is supported by a CIHR New Emerging Team grant in Immunoregulation https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sorafenib.html and IBD (IIN84037), the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of Canada, Interleukin-3 receptor and the Broad Medical Research Foundation. MKL is a Canada Research Chair in Transplantation. MEH holds a CIHR Doctoral award, a MSFHR Junior Trainee Award, and a MSFHR/CIHR Transplant Trainee award. YY holds a MSFHR/CIHR Transplant Trainee award. The authors have no conflicts
of interest to disclose. “
“The aim of this study was to establish the antioxidant status and oxidative stress in adult patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Eighty-four patients diagnosed with chronic ITP were studied. Fifty-eight age-matched healthy subjects were selected as controls. Serum nitrogen monoxide ( NO), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase(SOD), hydrogen peroxide enzyme (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that serum SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH, TAS levels were significantly lower in patients with chronic ITP than controls (all P < 0.05), while serum NO, GSSG, MDA, TOS values were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The number of platelet showed a negative correlation with NO, GSSG, MDA, TOS, respectively,while platelet number showed a positive correlation with SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH, TAS.