“
“Objective: The optimal treatment for chronic type B selleck products dissection remains controversial. This study reports early and midterm results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for chronic type B aortic dissection.

Methods: From June 2001 to September 2007, a total of 84 patients with chronic type B aortic dissection underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair. The time between onset of dissection and thoracic endovascular aortic repair was 13.9 +/- 22.0 months (range, 1-120 months). All patients were followed up from 6 to 86 months (mean, 33.2 +/- 19.2 months).

Results: The entry tear was completely sealed in 77 cases (91.7%)

during thoracic endovascular aortic repair. The incidence of incomplete seal was 8.3%. Poziotinib purchase The 1-month mortality was 1.2%. One patient had retrograde type A dissection 1 month after the operation. Four patients underwent a second thoracic endovascular aortic repair during follow-up, for endoleak in 3 patients and for newly formed intimal tear in 1 patient. Seven patients (8.3%) died during follow-up. Three died of rupture of the thoracic aorta because of endoleak. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial survival curve showed a 5-year survival of 84.4%. At 5 years, 75.2% of patients were alive with neither endoleak nor reintervention.

Conclusions: Early and midterm results show that thoracic endovascular aortic repair was effective in the treatment of chronic type B aortic dissection. Endoleak was the main cause of death during follow-up.

With increased surgical experience and refinement of the stent graft, results are likely to improve in the future. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:1548-53)”
“‘By far the best proof is experience,’ wrote Francis Bacon. Given the experience of countries – both developing and developed -

that have used intellectual property (IP), IP protection and IP management to stimulate innovation, there is ample proof that 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl good IP management has benefited multitudes of people around the world with new technologies, products and services. Innovations in health and agriculture have greatly enriched lives. But does this experience apply to all countries? If the best proof is experience, then what can be said authoritatively about the effects of using IP systems wisely in developing countries?”
“Objectives: Our objective was to determine the contribution of endobronchial ultrasound in the diagnostic yields of acid-fast bacillus smear, nucleic acid amplification tests, and culture in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: During a 1-year interval, 99 patients who had initial sputum-negative acid-fast bacillus smears or no sputum but were later proven to have a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in their sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were retrospectively studied. Among them, 56 patients underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS group) and 43 patients received conventional bronchoscopy for bronchoalveolar lavage (non-EBUS group).