Patients were randomly assigned to receive EMLA or placebo cr

\n\nPatients were randomly assigned to receive EMLA or placebo cream (Aqueous) applied under an occlusive dressing.

After the procedure, patients were asked to rate the needle prick and procedure pain on a 5-Fluoracil visual analog scale (0=no pain; 10=maximum pain).\n\nA total of 94 minor surgical procedures (49 in EMLA and 45 in control) were performed. The mean needle-stick pain score in the EMLA group was significantly lower than in the control group (2.7 vs. 5.7, p <.001, Mann-Whitney U-test). There was also significantly lower procedure pain in the EMLA group than in the control group (0.83 vs. 1.86, p=.009). There were no complications associated with the use of EMLA.\n\nEMLA effectively reduces the R788 mw preprocedural needle-stick pain and procedural pain associated with minor surgical procedures.\n\nAqueous Cream was provided by Pinewood Healthcare, Dublin, Ireland.”
“Age may be an independent predictor of outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the causes of the poor outcomes in elderly patients remain unclear. To clarify the differences

between elderly and young patients with TBI, brain metabolism parameters were monitored with the microdialysis method in 30 patients with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale scores 3-8). The microdialysis probe was inserted in the penumbra area of the brain and extracellular levels of glucose, glutamate, glycerol, lactate, and pyruvate were measured hourly for the initial 168 hours (7 days) after operation. The lactate/pyruvate ratio, which is considered to be a good indicator of neuronal ischemia, was also calculated. The patients were divided into the elderly P505-15 order group aged 65 years or older and the young group aged less than 65 years, and the biochemical markers were compared daily between these two groups. The value of extracellular glucose concentration was significantly lower in the elderly group than in the young group, and continued until the 7th day after injury. Moreover, the lactate/pyruvate ratio peaked on the 5th day after injury in

the elderly group, later than in the young group. We concluded that neural vulnerability persisted longer in elderly patients than in young patients with TBI, and this should be considered to prevent the occurrence of additional secondary brain injury.”
“Morphological associative memories (MAMs) are a special type of associative memory which exhibit optimal absolute storage capacity and one-step convergence. This associative model substitutes the additions and multiplications used by other models by computing maximums and minimums. This type of associative model has been applied to different pattern recognition problems including face localization and gray scale image restoration. Despite of his power, MAMs have not been applied in problems that involve true-color patterns. In this paper it is described how a MAM can be applied in problems involving true-color patterns.

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