R equi was obtained from 19 lymph nodes of domestic pigs, 17 wit

R. equi was obtained from 19 lymph nodes of domestic pigs, 17 with, and two without lesions, and from four lymph nodes with lesions, from wild boars. The 23 isolates were tested for the presence of vapA and vapB genes, responsible for the 15-17 and 20 kDa virulence-associated proteins, respectively, by PCR in order to characterize

as virulent (VapA), intermediately virulent (VapB) and avirulent. Plasmid DNAs were isolated and analyzed by digestion with restriction endonucleases to estimate size and compare their polymorphisms. Of the 19 domestic pigs strains, seven (36.8%) were avirulent and 12 (63.2%) were intermediately Compound C virulent, with the intermediately virulent isolates being plasmid types 8 (8 isolates), 10 (2 isolates), 1 (1 isolate) and 29 (1 isolate). The plasmid type of four strains isolated from wild boars was also intermediately virulent type 8. None of the domestic pigs and wild boar isolates showed the vapA gene. These findings demonstrate a high occurrence of plasmid type 8 in isolates from pigs and wild boars, and the similarity of plasmid types

in the domestic pigs, wild boars and human isolates in Brazil. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All GSK690693 ic50 rights reserved.”
“Recent developments in enteroscopy have been changing the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for diseases of the small bowel. In particular, double-balloon endoscopy has enabled the endoscopic treatment of small-bowel diseases. A majority of vascular lesions can now be treated endoscopically. The presence or absence of arterial components provides important information for selecting endoscopic treatments. In the case

of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, gastrointestinal screening of the small bowel should be started from childhood, and when polyps develop they should be managed by endoscopic resection LY2157299 concentration as opposed to laparotomy. For familial adenomatous polyposis, duodenal and ampullary cancers are major Causes of death after prophylactic colectomy. Intensive surveillance and treatment Of Such patients may lead to reduction of mortality related to duodenal cancer. The prognosis of malignant tumours of the small bowel was previously poor because early diagnosis was impossible. The new technologies have facilitated the diagnosis of these tumours, and improvements in the prognosis can be expected. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped barium gallogermanate glass demonstrate that an efficient energy transfer from Yb3+ to Er3+ ions occurs while the back energy transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+ ions cannot be ignored.

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