) The five most frequent keywords within the labels of environmental samples which yielded hits were ‘microbi’ (9.4%), ‘hypersalin’ (9.1%), http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pazopanib.html ‘mat’ (8.6%), ‘len, miniprim, new, view, world’ (8.5%) and ‘food’ (3.4%). The single most frequent keyword within the labels of environmental samples which yielded hits of a higher score than the highest scoring species was ‘hypersalin, len, mat, microbi, miniprim, new, view, world’ (12.5%). These key words are in line with the ecology and the niche from where strains of H. praevalens have been isolated. Figure 1 shows the phylogenetic neighborhood of H. praevalens GSLT in a 16S rRNA gene based tree.

The sequences of the four 16S rRNA gene copies in the genome differ from each other by up to five nucleotides, and differ by up to five nucleotides from the previously published 16S rRNA gene sequence (“type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”AB022034″,”term_id”:”4127263″,”term_text”:”AB022034″AB022034). Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of H. praevalens GSLT relative to the other type strains within the family Halanaerobiaceae. The tree was inferred from 1,460 aligned characters [15,16] of the 16S rRNA gene sequence under the maximum likelihood … The cells of strain GSLT are straight and rod-shaped (1 �� 2.4 ��m) (Figure 2) when grown to the mid-log phase at 37oC on CS medium containing 12.5% NaCl and 0.5% glucose [2]. When grown at higher NaCl concentrations (> 20%) the cells appear granulated and shorter in length [2]. Single colonies were reported as white to translucent in color, 0.5-2.

0 mm in diameter, and glistened, when grown on agar plates containing CS medium, 12.5% NaCl, and 0.5% glucose [2]. H. praevalens cells stain Gram-negative [2] and electron microscopy in thin section revealed architectural features typical of Gram-negative bacteria [2]. However, the positive D-BAPA-ase reaction [11] confirms its phylogenetic affiliation to the endospore-forming firmicutes (Table 1). In this respect, H. praevalens is able to hydrolyze only the D- but not the L- isomer of N��-benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPA) [11]. The activity of D-BAPA-ase was highest at low NaCl concentration (100 mM) and completely inhibited at NaCl concentration equal or higher than 1.0 M (~12%) [11]. Strain GSLT is described to be non-motile, although many flagellar genes have been identified in the genome (see below).

Other isolates Brefeldin_A of H. praevalens were described as motile [5,6], as were other members of the genus [7,9,10], suggesting strain GSLT is atypical with regard to motility. The organism is a strictly anaerobic chemoorganotroph [2]. It grows at NaCl concentrations between 2% and 30%, with optimal growth at approximately 13% [2]. The doubling time is 4 h at 12.5% NaCl and 7 h at 25% NaCl in complex CS medium [2]. The temperature range for growth ranges from 5oC to 60oC, with an optimum at 37oC [2]. The pH range for growth is between 6.0 and 9.0, with an optimum at pH between 7.0 and 7.4 [2].