These effects were immediate and also outlasted the duration of stimulation (“”carryover”"). Contingent HFES has multifarious and complex effects, intra- and interindividually, on seizure severity and TBS. Two inferences, at once promising and sobering may be drawn from these results: one, that contingent electrical stimulation deserves a place in the armamentarium of therapies for pharmacoresistant seizures, and the other, that its apparently narrow therapeutic

ratio calls for careful implementation and multivariate quantification of its effects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The first-order character of the transition from PHA-848125 in vitro the low-to-intermediate spin state in the system (Pr1-yYy)(0.7)Ca0.3CoO3 (y = 0.075-0.15) has been

verified by magnetization measurements. For y = 0.075, the transition manifests itself in chi(T) steps at temperatures depending on external fields. In this case, isothermal measurements show a field-driven transition exhibiting a field hysteresis. The entropy contribution is evaluated and discussed. Qualitative analysis based on a two-level model suggests that the observed influence of the magnetic field can be explained only by assuming the presence of exchange interactions. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3559485]“
“Novel organoclays were synthesized by several kinds of phosphonium cations to improve the Bucladesine cost dispersibility in matrix resin of composites and accelerate the curing of matrix resin. The possibility of the application for epoxy/clay nanocomposites and the thermal, mechanical, and adhesive properties were investigated. Furthermore, the structures and morphologies of the epoxy/clay nanocomposites were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Consequently, the corporation of organoclays with different types of phosphonium cations into the epoxy matrix led to different morphologies of the selleckchem organoclay particles, and then the distribution changes of silicate layers in the epoxy resin influenced the physical properties of the

nanocomposites. When high-reactive phosphonium cations with epoxy groups were adopted, the clay particles were well exfoliated and dispersed. The epoxy/clay nanocomposite realized the high glass-transition temperature (T-g) and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in comparison with those of neat epoxy resin. On the other hand, in the case of low-reactive phoshonium cations, the dispersion states of clay particles were intercalated but not exfoliated. The intercalated clay did not influence the T-g and CTE of the nanocomposite. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 666-675, 2011″
“Stroke in the developing brain is an important cause of chronic neurological morbidities including neurobehavioral dysfunction and epilepsy.