This can be seen in Fig. 1. To validate our clustering results against previously published groupings in human disease, we trained shrunken centroid classifiers on a human expression dataset from Lee et al. Our classifiers showed 100% concordance with labels predicted by this external classifier, with these

www.selleckchem.com/products/azd2014.html cell lines recapitulating the molecular subtyping described in human disease. Lee et al.24 initially described two large subgroups of HCC, Cluster A and Cluster B, that correlated with survival. However, in a follow-up study integrating data from rat fetal hepatoblasts and adult human hepatocytes with HCC from human and mouse models refined this classification into “HB” and “HC” groups which not only correlated with survival but also defined a molecular phenotype for these groups (i.e., “hepatoblast” versus “hepatocyte,” respectively). The cell lines therefore represent distinct subtypes of the clinical disease. The 20 human HCC cell lines were evaluated for their sensitivity to the SRC/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib. The calculated

IC50 for each cell line and its molecular classification was selleck inhibitor determined (Table 2). There was a statistically significant correlation between molecular subtype and sensitivity to dasatinib (P < 0.01). The subtype most sensitive to growth inhibition by dasatinib was the HB subtype representing a “progenitor” subtype of HCC Niclosamide (Fig. 1). Using the subtype as classifier, only one cell line predicted to be resistant to dasatinib was actually sensitive (PLC-PRF5), and two cell lines predicted to be sensitive were actually resistant (JHH2 and SK Hep 1). This gives an overall specificity and sensitivity of subtype and association with positive response to dasatinib of 78% and 91%, respectively. To further determine a specific subset of genes that were predictive of response to dasatinib, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified 503 genes at a false discover rate (FDR) of <0.005 that were differentially expressed between dasatinib-sensitive and -resistant

cell lines. Of interest, moesin (MSN), caveolin (CAV), and ephrin (EPH) family members (EPHRA) were up-regulated in the sensitive lines versus the resistant lines. All of these genes have been identified as being associated with dasatinib sensitivity in breast and lung cancer models, suggesting potential common molecular (not histological) determinates of dasatinib sensitivity.14, 25 Dasatinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. To evaluate the correlation between dasatinib’s ability to block Src activity and its ability to inhibit proliferation in vitro, we performed western blots for phosphorylated src (pSrc) before and after dasatinib exposure. Figure 2 demonstrates that dasatinib is capable of blocking ppSRC at low nanomolar (nM) concentrations. The ability of dasatinib to block ppSRC is independent of its ability to inhibit growth.