This

is one example but there are a lot of interesting questions that remain to be answered. Do you think science should always be hypothesis driven? No. I feel that the hypothesis-driven approach has limitations. From my experience, when I hypothesize based on the existing literature, in most cases my hypotheses are wrong. I think human beings are not smart enough to predict the mysteries of every organism. Therefore, I always try to take a discovery-driven approach (e.g., systems biology and forward genetics). Organisms are using much cleverer strategies than we can imagine. I always feel awed by nature, and I enjoy learning from organisms; they always provide surprises, and consequently I really enjoy science. I think it is the joy and privilege of scientists to share the great mysteries of organisms with the public. Do you feel a push towards more applied Alectinib science? Yes. Due to the current worldwide economic problems, I feel that translational research is being more actively encouraged in many countries. I agree that translational research is important, and I am performing such Z-VAD-FMK research buy work at WPI-ITbM. However, I believe that good translational research and breakthroughs often emerge from excellent basic research. Therefore, it is important to support a wide spectrum of basic research, even if those

studies do not seem to contribute to applied science at all. This strategy is very important for fostering next-generation breakthroughs. Do you believe there is a need for crosstalk between biological disciplines? Classical biological disciplines might still be important from an educational point of view. However, I feel that the classical interdisciplinary boundaries do not exist anymore in modern biological research. My scientific background is agriculture. However, because human beings are also animals, (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate our findings contribute to the understanding of human physiology. Accordingly, I am often invited to give talks in various fields. I do not experience barriers between different biological disciplines at all. Moreover, these days I also

enjoy discussions with chemists and theoreticians. Thus, I consider crosstalk between different disciplines to be quite normal. Which historical scientist would you like to meet and what would you ask her/him? I would like to meet Spanish neuroscientist and Nobel laureate Santiago Ramón y Cajal, and hear about his struggles and excitement when he discovered that the neuronal cells are not continuous but contiguous. I am sure much more patience was required to be a scientist in Cajal’s time, when the modern devices we currently use were not yet available. State-of-the-art techniques and devices have made huge contributions to modern science, and their importance is increasing. However, if one has unique ideas, these techniques and devices are not always necessary. Although we have cutting-edge microscopes in my laboratory, I love antique microscopes.