Thus, a number of terms were required to describe problems related to the use of medications such as adverse drug reaction, adverse drug event, drug therapy problem and medication error. A further list of search terms was generated by referring to two key papers. The first article was a review on MRP classification systems by Van Mil et al.[24] which provided an overview and appraisal of classification

of medicine-related problems for use during the pharmaceutical care process and research in pharmacy. The second article by AbuRuz et al.[25] aimed to develop and validate a tool to classify and assess MRPs in which an MRP was referred to as ‘treatment related problem’. These two articles had also reported difficulties in identifying previous literature on MRPs learn more from databases. Each article suggested a list of search terms for ‘medicine-related problems’. The search terms reported by these articles include drug related selleck inhibitor problem,[24, 25] medicine related problem,[24, 25] drug therapy problem, treatment related problem,

therapy related problem, medication error and pharmaceutical care issue.[25] The different keywords used to search for relevant articles in this review are presented in Table 1. Drug related problem(s) OR Drug therapy problem(s) OR Drug self medication OR Drug self administration OR Drug toxicity OR Adverse drug reaction OR Drug interaction OR Drug intoxication OR drug contraindication OR Adverse drug effect OR Overdose OR Polypharmacy OR Drug evaluation OR Drug dose OR Drug monitoring OR Drug safety OR Drug screening OR Drug seeking behaviour OR Drug tolerability OR Drug tolerance OR Drug use OR Drug monitoring OR Drug utilisation OR Medicine related problem(s) OR Medication error(s) OR Medication adherence OR Medication compliance OR Medication therapy management OR Therapy related problem(s) OR Treatment related problem(s)

OR Pharmaceutical care issue(s) Ethnicity OR Ethnic group(s) OR Race OR Racial group(s) OR Religion OR Religious group(s) OR Minority group(s) United Kingdom OR Great Britain OR England A further difficulty was the limited reporting of the ethnic profile of participants in previous studies. It has been argued that the under-representation Methane monooxygenase of minority ethnic groups in studies may be because participants of ethnic minorities fail to understand the importance of the research process or they are unable to participate because of language barriers.[26] However, another possible explanation would be that some researchers have not received training or do not recognise the complexity or importance of incorporating the perspective of minority populations into their research and thus assume the cultural perspective or need of the majority in the conduct of their research.[27] The articles were selected through titles and abstracts by the first author of this paper (FA).