To overcome these problems, researchers at the Centre for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals of UNESP – CEVAP have developed a new sealant consisting of fibrinogen extracted from large animals and an enzyme

derived from snake venom, both of which have been Alectinib used experimentally since 1989 (Barros et al., 2009). The fibrin sealant produced by CEVAP does not contain human blood, while its low production cost will permit its routine use in hospitals and facilitate its accessibility for poorer segments of the population. To date, various experiments on fibrin sealants have been performed on both animals and humans (Barros et al., 2009). In 2009, researchers treated 25 patients suffering from chronic ulcers and concluded that the sealant is suitable for treating leg ulcers and is more economical than currently available options on the market. Fibrin sealants also present the following advantages: easy application, amenable bed preparation and reduced pain. Furthermore, it has

been suggested that weekly application, for at least eight weeks, improves the healing process and raises cure indices (Gatti et al., 2011). However, it is known that the discovery and development of new medicaments are based on the discovery of therapeutic targets, the design and selection of a molecule directed toward the intended target, optimisation of the leading molecule, development of the candidate and, finally, the discovery of the medicament (Calixto and Siqueira Jr., 2008). Venkatesh and Lipper (2000) indicate that the main factors responsible for failures in the Selleckchem Inhibitor Library development of new medicaments are low bioavailability (39%), a lack of efficacy (29%), the detection of toxic effects (21%) and market-related reasons (6%). In this context, toxins appear to be excellent candidates with worldwide bioavailability, but bridging the gap between basic and applied research is not a simple task. This apparent gap between discovery PRKD3 and transformation into commercial

products has been attributed to animal models that are poorly representative and to a lack of scientific rigour, a profile that results in insufficient beneficial effects in subsequent clinical trials (Morgan et al., 2011). A “translational” investigation aims to bridge these gaps, and, as described by Cooksey (2006), provides a “process for taking discoveries from basic or clinical research and using them to produce innovations in healthcare environments.” Nevertheless, the realisation of a more efficacious translational process is currently achieved by “re-engineering” research companies to overcome the barriers between basic and applied research, principally due to the cost and time of execution. To bridge this gap in Brazil, the Ministry of Health has supported “From Bench to Bedside” projects.