4 μV. Discussion Anatomic variations in peripheral nerves may promote misinterpretation of neurophysiological findings in clinical practice. Most

are known only anatomically. As an example, RSN and LACN anatomic variations are described only in textbooks of anatomy, and dissecting cadaver study reports. To our knowledge, this is the first RSN–LACN anatomic variation nerve conduction study report. Appelton (1911) first described this variation in the literature in a dissection of a forearm, where the RN below the elbow presented only the posterior interosseous branch, and the RSN was absent. On the dorsum of the hand, the LACN extended out beyond its usual distribution to Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical supply the RSN territory. Another very interesting finding was the presence of branches of the dorsal ulnar nerve greater than those usually observed, completing the dorsal hand innervation. Since this initial report, several studies have observed this Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical variation in Selleckchem FK228 cadavers and patients. Clinical examination findings in more than 1000 gunshot injuries of peripheral nerves cases were reported

by Stopford (1918). There were 67 cases of proximal RN injury. Of these, two patients had no area of cutaneous anesthesia which may represent replacement of the innervation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the dorsum of the hand by the LACN. The area of anesthesia in other cases of this series showed great variability, which may correspond to distinct degrees of branching communication between the ulnar nerve, RSN, and LACN

on the dorsum of the hand. Mackinnon and Dellon (1985) studied the distribution of LACN and RSN by anatomic dissection of 53 cadavers and 41 surgical dissections. Of these, 75% had partial or total Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical communication between the LACN nerve and RSN on the dorsum of the hand. Additionally, Madhavi and Holla (2003) reported a case of dual innervation of the dorsum of the thumb by the RSN and LACN in a cadaver dissection. Mok et al. (2006) studied the sensory innervation in 30 cadaver forearms. In this study, one in three forearms presented connections between RSN and LACN. In one case, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the LACN was the major contributor to the dorsal thumb innervation. Also focusing on anatomic study, Huanmanop et al. (2007) did dissections Rolziracetam of the RSN in 79 upper limbs of 40 Thai cadavers. In this study, the occurrence of communication between the LACN nerve and RSN was 43%. Furthermore, in 2.5% of the upper limbs, the RSN was replaced by the LACN. Yogesh et al. (2011) reported a case of cadaver dissection in which the RN and musculocutaneous nerves had unilateral anatomic variation. In this case, the RN ended after the branches to the triceps muscle. The musculocutaneous nerve was responsible for sensory innervation of the radial border of the dorsum of the hand and the motor innervation of the brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis, and all the muscles supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve.