After initiating opioid agonist treatment in jail, continuing buprenorphine maintenance in the community appears to be more acceptable to offenders than continuing methadone maintenance. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Metabolic disorders are often associated with male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, suggesting that hypothalamic defects involving GnRH neurons may impair the reproductive function. Among metabolic factors hyperglycemia has been implicated in the control of the reproductive CDK inhibitor axis
at central level, both in humans and in animal models. To date, little is known about the direct effects of pathological high glucose concentrations on human GnRH neurons. In this study, we investigated the high glucose effects in the human GnRH-secreting FNC-B4 cells. Gene expression profiling by qRT-PCR, confirmed that FNC-B4 cells express GnRH and several
BIBF 1120 datasheet genes relevant for GnRH neuron function (KISS1R, KISS1, sex steroid and leptin receptors, FGFR1, neuropilin 2, and semaphorins), along with glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4). High glucose exposure (22 mM; 40mM) significantly reduced gene and protein expression of GnRH, KISS1R, KISS1, and leptin receptor, as compared to normal glucose (5 mM). Consistent with previous studies, leptin treatment significantly induced GnRH mRNA expression at 5mM glucose, but not in the presence of high glucose concentrations. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a deleterious direct contribution of high glucose on human GnRH neurons, thus providing new insights into pathogenic mechanisms linking metabolic disorders to reproductive dysfunctions.”
“BACKGROUND
Ablative fractional photothermolysis (AFP) has been reported to be effective Pitavastatin solubility dmso in the treatment of photoaging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Treatment was administered using an AFP device and assessed photographically 3 months after treatment by a blinded physician. Ultrasound measurements evaluated skin thickness and subepidermal low echogenic band thickness (SLEB), the portion of the papillary dermis filled with solar elastosis.
RESULTS
Three
months after treatment, the mean score improved 61.0% (95% confidence interval (CI)=56.8-65.2%) for dyschromia, 54.3% (95% CI=51.6-57.0%) for skin laxity, 51.5% (95% CI=49.6-53.4%) for rhytides, and 60.2%9 (95% CI=56.8-63.6%) for overall cosmetic outcome. Patients had a significant decrease in SLEB in all anatomic sites treated (0.078 cm at baseline, 0.038 cm at 3 months, 40.0% decrease) (p <.001). Total skin thickness increased with AFP (0.163 cm at baseline, 0.188 cm at 3 months, 10.3% increase) (p <.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In this pilot study, AFP improved pigmentary and textural components of photoaged skin. Future investigation is warranted to validate the results demonstrating that high resolution ultrasound can be used as a quantitative tool to assess skin changes after AFP.