In the dark-medium control sample, FFA fraction was not detected (Table 5). These values are in disagreement with Vila, Andueza, Paz de Peña, and Cid (2005), Trugo (2003) and Nikolova-Damyanova et al. (1998), who have reported amounts around 0.5 g/100 g for roasted coffee. This may possibly be due to the differences in initial samples’ composition as well as roasting methods and degrees, or perhaps some of these studies might not have conducted the analyzes immediately after roasting,

Apitolisib which could have caused an increase in the FFA contents. Like with the TAG fraction, the roasting degree directly influenced the content of FFA in roasted samples. The total content of FFA increased dramatically during the 1st month of storage, from 0.4 mg/100 g to 95.1 mg/100 g, in the light-medium sample

(Table 4), and from non-detected to 1.1 mg/100 g in the dark-medium sample (Table 5). In both light-medium and dark-medium samples, the total contents of FFA increased continuously up to the 3rd month of storage Selleck Sirolimus (Fig. 2). These results are consistent with TAG hydrolysis, and with the decreases observed in the TAG contents in light and dark-medium samples after 1 and 2 months of storage, respectively (Fig. 2). However, FFA contents decreased after 3 months of storage, in both light medium and dark medium samples, indicating that other chemical transformations might have affected FFA contents during this storage period. It is possible that during this storage period the rate of loss overcame the rate of FFA production through TAG hydrolysis. Oxidation of FFA could explain the loss of FFA, since this lipid fraction is more susceptible to oxidation cAMP than esterified FA in TAG molecules

(Kim & Min, 2008). It is expected that oxidation of FFA was already occurring before 2 months of storage, as verified below. When individual FA were considered, the percent loss seemed to increase with the number of double bonds. 24%, 40%, 42% and 45% decreases were observed in 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, respectively, after three months storage of the light-medium sample (Table 4). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that FFA are at least partially degraded through oxidative reactions, since the relative rates of unsaturated FA oxidation are directly associated with the number of double bonds (Frankel, 2005). In the samples roasted to both roasting degrees, the total content of UFA was lower than that of SFA, an inverse behavior in relation to the TAG fraction (Fig. 2). Once again, oxidation reactions may explain this phenomenon, since the UFA in the free fraction is more susceptible to oxidation (Kim & Min, 2008). In the light-medium sample, the highest values of Σ UFA/SFA were showed after 2, 3 and 6 months of storage (ranged from 0.63 to 0.90), indicating the decrease in the difference between the contents of UFA and SFA (Table 4). In these periods, there was a slight increase in UFA content while the SFA content remained constant (Fig.