While the pharmacokinetics

and appropriate dosing of emtricitabine in nonpregnant, adult, HIV-1-infected patients are well defined, no data http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ITF2357(Givinostat).html are available describing emtricitabine pharmacokinetics with chronic use during pregnancy [6-10]. The primary objectives of this study were to describe emtricitabine pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected pregnant women and to determine if the standard dose of emtricitabine produces equivalent drug exposure during pregnancy to that seen in: 1) historical data for nonpregnant adults; and 2) the same women in the study cohort during the postpartum period. We also sought to evaluate the transplacental passage of emtricitabine by comparing concentrations in cord blood and maternal blood. The International Maternal Pediatric and Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT), formerly Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG), study P1026s is a multicentre, ongoing, prospective study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of currently prescribed antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1-infected women. Eligible subjects were those who: a) were already enrolled in the ERK inhibitor chemical structure parent study, PACTG P1025;

b) were receiving emtricitabine 200 mg orally daily as part of routine clinical care for at least 2 weeks prior to pharmacokinetic sampling; and c) were planning to continue emtricitabine until at least 6 weeks postpartum. P1026s is a substudy of P1025, the Perinatal Core Protocol, a prospective cohort study of HIV-infected pregnant women receiving care at PACTG or IMPAACT sites. Local institutional review boards approved P1025 and P1026s at all participating sites and all subjects provided signed informed consent prior to participation. Exclusion O-methylated flavonoid criteria were: current use of medications known to interfere with absorption, metabolism, or clearance of emtricitabine; multiple gestation; and clinical or laboratory toxicity that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would be likely to

require a change in the antiretroviral regimen during the study. Subjects continued to take their medications, as prescribed by their physicians and dispensed by local pharmacies, during the study, unless changed by their physician because of toxicity or lack of effectiveness or based on the results of the individual woman’s antepartum pharmacokinetic evaluation. Women continued on the study until completion of postpartum pharmacokinetic sampling. Samples for the emtricitabine arm were obtained between November 2004 and March 2008. Historical, demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected in P1025. Maternal and infant clinical data were accessed from the P1025 database. On each sampling day and at delivery, subjects were interviewed to obtain medical histories, and underwent physical examinations and venipuncture to obtain blood for laboratory studies [including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and haemoglobin].