015; p AZD4547 research buy = 0.034) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.015; p = 0.036), respectively. Not any feature was revealed by multivariate analysis

as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion Our results showed that OS and PFS of synchronous primary ovarian cancer in patients with endometrial cancer is better than those with ovarian metastasis patients. Pre- and intra-operative, intensive and careful assessment, and strict and continuous postoperative surveillance should pay attention to the endometrial cancer patients who preserved ovary for having possibility of coexisting occult ovarian lesions.”
“The main objective of the study was to investigate influence of geographical location on volatile composition and perceived flavour profile of Sauvignon wines of New Zealand (Marlborough), French (Sancerre; Loire; Saint Bris), and Austrian (Styria) origin. Nineteen New Zealand wine professionals evaluated 18 Sauvignon wines, 6 from each source of origin, by PI3K inhibitor sensory methods that included intensity ratings to experimenter-provided descriptors, typicality ratings, and classification tasks (non-directed and directed sorting). Results demonstrated that wines from the three sources of origin were separated by sensory

analyses, with New Zealand wines dominated by perceived green characteristics, Austrian wines perceived to be fruity (stone-fruit), and French wines relatively subdued in all characteristics measured other than perceived minerality. Concentrations of fermentation-derived, volatile aroma compounds (including acetate esters, fatty acid ethyl esters, and higher alcohols) and isobutylmethoxypyrazine (IBMP) were determined for each wine using the automated HS-SPME (Headspace Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction) BI 6727 Cell Cycle inhibitor technique (Parr et al., 2007) and a modification of the HS-SPME technique (Kemp, 2010). Analysis of thiol concentrations was undertaken by SPME-GC-MS/MS analysis. Statistical association of sensory and chemical data demonstrated that the chemical compounds clustered into three groups, each cluster associated with one source-of-origin. A ‘green’ cluster

of compounds associated with the New Zealand wines, the fruity/boxwood compound 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4MMP) associated with Austrian wines, and other compounds (e.g., benzaldehyde) associated with French wines. The study has demonstrated differences in perceived sensory characteristics and chemical composition of Sauvignon wines as a function of source of origin, and demonstrated associations between some specific aroma compounds and sensory terms employed by wine professionals. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction Ewing sarcoma-primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ES/PNET) constitute a family of neoplasms characterized by a continuum of neuroectodermal differentiation. ES/PNET of the uterus is rare. There are 43 cases published in the English literature as far as we know.

Histopathologic analysis confirmed benign

prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in all patients, and mean specimen weight on pathologic examination was 127 g (range 100-165 g). Mean follow-up duration was 7.2 months with all patients having a minimum of a 4-month follow-up. Significant improvements were noted in the International Prostate Symptom Score (preoperative vs postoperative 18.1 vs 5.3, p < 0.001) and the maximum CAL-101 cost urine flow rate (preoperative vs postoperative 4.3 vs 19.1 mL/min, P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Minimally invasive robot-assisted simple prostatectomy is techincally feasible in patients with large volume (> 100 g) BPH and is associated with significant improvements in obstructive www.selleckchem.com/products/8-bromo-camp.html urinary symptoms. Surgeons with robotic expertise may consider using this approach for treatment of their patients with large volume BPH.”
“The quality of the biodiesel is of most importance for the success in the marketing of this fuel. Among the qualitative parameters there is the kinematic viscosity that can be affected due to the degradation of biofuel. Such degradation occurs on account of the weather changing

and also because of some catalytic agents. Because of that the stability to oxidation was denominated as a factor which relates the resistance level of the product to the different oxidizing agents. The present work aimed to study the oxidative stability of the biodiesel produced of the crambe and the soybean vegetal oil. The techniques of infrared spectroscopy, refractive index and kinematic viscosity were used to monitor the level of oxidation of the biodiesels. The biodiesels were submitted to a thermal stress in an incubator, at 130 degrees C for a final period of 22 h of study, and were contaminated with iron and bronze filings. The viscometric studies showed

that the crambe biodiesel is more stable than the soybean biodiesel at the end of their exposure to the thermal stress, as well as that the addition of 5% and 10% of crambe biodiesel lowers the viscometric alteration https://www.selleckchem.com/products/blebbistatin.html in about 43.9% regarding the pure soybean biodiesel. By observing the index of refraction it was verified that the alteration in the soybean biodiesel contaminated with bronze was enhanced when compared to the pure biodiesel and the biodiesel contaminated with iron. As for the pure crambe biodiesel and the biodiesel contaminated with iron, the alteration in the index of refraction is minimum, it is only significant for the biodiesel contaminated with bronze, but lower, however than the one observed for the soybean/bronze biodiesel. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of tumor focality on positive surgical margins (PSM) after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

The formation of minibands due to the quantum confinement and the phonon-bottleneck effect on carrier-phonon scattering are considered. For transport of bulk-like electrons, a Boltzmann-transport-equation-based semiclassical model is used to describe the multiband transport processes of carriers. The intrinsic carrier scatterings as well as the carrier-interface scattering of these bulk-like electrons are considered. We then apply the two-channel transport model to predict thermoelectric transport properties of n-type find more PbSe/PbTe quantum dot nanocomposites with PbSe quantum dots uniformly embedded in the PbTe matrix. The dependence of thermoelectric transport

coefficients on the size of quantum dots, interdot distance, doping concentration, and temperature are studied in detail. Due to the formation of minibands and the phonon-bottleneck effect on carrier-phonon scattering, we show that simultaneous enhancement of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient can be realized in quantum dot nanocomposites. Our Belinostat cell line study could shed some light on the design of high-efficiency thermoelectric materials for energy conversion and thermal management. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3653263]“
“Hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence with accelerated fibrosis following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)

is a universal phenomenon. To evaluate mechanisms contributing to HCV induced allograft fibrosis/cirrhosis, we investigated HCV-specific CD4+Th17 cells and their induction in OLT recipients with recurrence

utilizing 51 HCV+ OLT recipients, 15 healthy Z-IETD-FMK price controls and 9 HCV- OLT recipients. Frequency of HCV specific CD4+ Tcells secreting IFN-gamma, IL-17 and IL-10 was analyzed by ELISpot. Serum cytokines and chemokines were analyzed by LUMINEX. Recipients with recurrent HCV induced allograft inflammation and fibrosis/cirrhosis demonstrated a significant increase in frequency of HCV specific CD4+Th17 cells. Increased pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-17, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1), decreased IFN-gamma, and increased IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 levels were identified. OLT recipients with allograft inflammation and fibrosis/cirrhosis demonstrated increased frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that inhibited HCV specific CD4+Th1 but not Th17 cells. This suggests that recurrent HCV infection in OLT recipients induces an inflammatory milieu characterized by increased IL-6, IL-1 beta and decreased IFN-gamma which facilitates induction of HCV specific CD4+Th17 cells. These cells are resistant to suppression by Tregs and may mediate an inflammatory cascade leading to cirrhosis in OLT recipients following HCV recurrence.”
“The phase relation of tetragonal and cubic PbTiO3 and their unit-cell parameters have been determined by synchrotron x-ray diffraction at pressures up to 7.8 GPa and temperatures up to 1074 K with a cubic anvil apparatus.

An analytical solution to the differential equation governing the curvature is given for a specific surface stress representing adsorption of analyte onto the viscoelastic beam’s surface. The solution for the bending of the microcantilever shows that, in many cases, the use of Stoney’s equation to analyze stress-induced deflection of viscoelastic microcantilevers (in the present case due to surface analyte adsorption) can lead to poor predictions of the beam’s response. It is shown that using a viscoelastic substrate

can greatly increase sensitivity (due to a lower modulus), but at the cost of a longer response time due to viscoelastic creep in the microcantilever. In addition, the effects of a coating on the cantilever are considered. By defining effective moduli for the coated-beam case, the analytical solution for the

uncoated case can still be used. Apoptosis inhibitor It is found that, unlike the case of a silicon microcantilever, the stress in the coating due to bending of a polymer cantilever can be significant, especially for metal coatings. The theoretical results presented here can also be used to extract time-domain viscoelastic properties of the polymer material from beam response data.”
“Purpose of review

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is inevitable during intestinal transplantation and can negatively affect the transplant outcome. Here, an overview is provided of Alvocidib in vivo the recent advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and how this may impact graft survival.

Recent findings

The intestine hosts a wide range of microorganisms and its mucosa is heavily populated by immune cells. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion results in the disruption of the epithelial lining, affecting also protective Paneth cells (antimicrobials) and goblet cells (mucus), and creates a more Entospletinib supplier hostile intraluminal microenvironment. Consequently, both damage-associated molecular patterns as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns are released from injured tissue and exogenous microorganisms, respectively. These ‘danger’ signals may synergistically activate

the innate immune system. Exaggerated innate immune responses, involving neutrophils, mast cells, platelets, dendritic cells, as well as Toll-like receptors and complement proteins, may shape the adaptive T-cell response, thereby triggering the destructive alloimmune response toward the graft and resulting in transplant rejection.

Summary

Innate immune activation as a consequence of ischemia-reperfusion injury may compromise engraftment of the intestine. More dedicated research is required to further establish this concept in man and to design more effective therapeutic strategies to better tolerize intestinal grafts.”
“Bluetongue (BT), a serious disease of sheep and some wild ruminants, is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the family, Reoviridae.

0-8.1%; seeds 4.4-5.3%), protein (pulp 4.7-7.2%; seeds 5.9-8.5%) and fat (pulp 2.6-4.0%; seeds 4.6-5.3%) as compared to most of the known wild edibles in the region. They, however, contained reasonably lower food energy, largely due to low carbohydrate content. All the five species emerged as good source of minerals, especially Ca and K. The values

of various nutrient and mineral elements varied significantly among species, which implies potential of different species can be harnessed for diverse attributes. The fruits, however, possessed anti-nutritional factors like tannins and phytic acid, which need to be tackled appropriately while considering these fruits for value addition as health food. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. Epigenetic inhibitor screening library All rights reserved.”
“Embolic stroke is a common complication in patients on ventricular assist devices

in both adults and children. The reported incidence of strokes in children supported by VADs varies from 7 to 38%. The rapid increase in recent years in the availability of both adult and pediatric VADs will likely add to the overall prevalence of strokes in patients being bridged to heart transplant. Strokes in this population can be lethal as they frequently necessitate withdrawal of the extracorporeal device support and withdrawal from the organ transplant waiting list. We present a case of a fully anti-coagulated 29-month-old supported on a Berlin EXCOR LVAD (Berlin, Germany) with embolic stroke which was treated successfully with direct thrombolysis

ABT-888 chemical structure Nepicastat with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. This is the first report which uses intra-arterial thrombolytics while on a ventricular assist device in a pediatric patient.”
“Spermatozoa are constantly exposed to the interphase between oxidation through high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leukocytes, and reduction by means of scavengers and antioxidants. Considering the very special functions as being the only cells with such high polarization and exerting their functions outside the body, even in a different individual, the female genital tract, the membranes of these cells are chemically composed of an extraordinary high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This in turn, renders them very susceptible to oxidative stress, which is defined as an imbalance between oxidation and reduction towards the oxidative status. As a result, ROS deriving from both leukocytes and the male germ cells themselves cause a process called ‘lipid peroxidation’ and other damages to the sperm cell. On the other hand, a certain limited amount of ROS is essential in order to trigger vital physiological reactions in cells, including capacitation or the acrosome reaction in sperm. The treatment of patients with antioxidants to compensate the oxidative status caused by oxidative stress is highly debated as uncontrolled antioxidative treatment might derail the system towards the reduced status, which is also unphysiological and can even induce cancer.

The current data on the influence of prior TST on IGRAs show inconsistent results.

METHODS: Sixteen non-bacille Calmette-Guerin immunised medical students with no history of TB exposure and minimal risk of exposure to TB during the study period were tested simultaneously with a TST and QFT-GIT. The QFT-GIT assay was repeated 6 and 10 weeks later.

RESULTS: At baseline, all TST and QFT-GIT results were

negative and remained negative 6 and 10 weeks after the TST.

CONCLUSION: These data show that negative QFT-GIT results are reproducible and suggest that a TST does not result in conversion of subsequent QFT-GIT assays in the absence of concomitant TB exposure. Therefore, selleck chemicals llc a positive QFT-GIT should not be attributed to boosting induced by a previous TST.”
“Background: The effects of the various dialysis modalities selleck products on patient survival are different, especially for diabetic patients. Hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are the predominant renal replacement modalities. This study analyzes modality-related mortality in long-term dialysis patients.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted between May 1991 and October 2005. Incident patients that had initiated dialysis

and had been on dialysis for more than 3 months were enrolled. All cause, infection related, and cardiovascular disease-related mortalities were used as end points. Patient survival was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, comorbidity, and time-averaged values of laboratory data to control influential covariates.

Results: In total, 1347 patients (258 on PD and 1089 on HD) were enrolled. Adjusted all cause, infection related, and cardiovascular disease-related

mortality did not differ significantly between HD and PD patients. In diabetic patients, adjusted all-cause [HD vs PD: hazard ratio (HR) 0.717, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.400-1.282] and infection-related mortality (HD vs PD: HR EGFR tumor 1.341, 95% CI 0.453-3.969) did not differ significantly between patients on HD and patients on PD. However, adjusted cardiovascular disease-related mortality increased significantly in diabetic PD patients (HD vs PD: HR 0.375, 95% CI 0.154-0.913). For nondiabetic patients, adjusted all cause, infection related, and cardiovascular disease-related mortality did not differ significantly between HD and PD patients.

Conclusions: Dialysis modality had no significant impact on all-cause or infection-related mortality. More studies are needed to clarify the putative difference in cardiovascular mortality risk between diabetic patients on PD and diabetic patients on HD.”
“Surgical site infection (SSI) is a frequent complication of elective surgery for colorectal cancer.

“
“Objectives: This study aimed to develop and pilot an equity lens that could help researchers in developing a more equity-oriented approach toward priority setting and agenda setting in systematic reviews.

Study Design and Setting: We developed an equity lens to guide the development and evaluation of a prioritization process and evaluate its outcomes based on the information derived from a discussion workshop and a comparison with the existing literature on the topic. We piloted the process section of the equity lens across the 13 structured priority-setting approaches in the Cochrane

Collaboration.

Results: We devised an equity lens with two checklists: one to guide P5091 the process of priority setting (nine questions) and the other to evaluate the outcomes of priority setting (eight questions). Of the nine questions, seven questions were partially addressed by at least one of the prioritization projects. Two questions were not considered in any of them. The prioritization projects did not report sufficient outcome data, thus we could not explore the eight question on evaluating outcomes.

Conclusion: Currently, there are few strategies in the Cochrane

Collaboration that explicitly address the research priorities of individuals from different sociodemographic groups. The equity lens for priority setting and agenda setting can help project teams to develop a more equity-oriented WH-4-023 datasheet approach to set a research agenda and/or prioritize research topics. However, further studies are needed to evaluate its impact on the prioritization process. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The chemical composition of the lipophilic and phenolic extractives of the leaves, stems and roots of the salt marsh plant Halimione portulacoides from the Aveiro Lagoon was thoroughly investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

(GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), respectively. The lipophilic fraction of leaves and stems is mainly composed of long chain aliphatic acids and alcohols (both in the C16-C30 range) and smaller amounts of sterols, such as schottenol, beta-sitosterol selleck kinase inhibitor and beta-sitostanol. The major component of roots extract is a triterpenic ketone, hop-17(21)-en-3-one, accounting for 2.8 g kg(-1) of dry material. Furthermore, thirteen phenolic compounds were firstly reported as constituents of this halophytic shrub. Among the studied plant tissues, leaves are the richest in phenolic compounds with 4.6 g kg(-1) of dry material, most of which correspond to sulfated flavonoids (3.1 g kg(-1) of dry material), particularly derivatives of isorhamnetin-sulfate. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose The so-called “”practical year”" is the last part of medical students’ education in Germany. Without being paid, final-year medical students have to work for 1 year under supervision in academic teaching hospitals.

Both formulations were well tolerated and there were no bleeding episodes. Conclusion: After a single-dose injection in healthy participants, anti-Xa activities of 2 formulations of LMWH enoxaparin were comparable. No significant difference was observed in the mean plasma aPTT. It remains to be seen whether the 2 formulations would show comparable clinical efficacy.”
“This

case report describes a 10-year-old female patient with an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor developing together with a cystic complex odontoma. This occurrence is considered selleck chemicals very unusual. Immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratins AE1/AE3, CK5, CK8, CK10, CK14, CK19 and Ki-67 was performed. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: e25-e29)”
“Patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery are at high venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, with morbid and potentially fatal consequences. Anticoagulant VTE prophylaxis reduces rates of postoperative deep vein thrombosis by up to 60% to 70% in these patients. Therefore, pharmacological prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparins

(LMWHs), vitamin K antagonists, or fondaparinux is recommended by current guidelines. However, there remains an ongoing debate regarding when to initiate and the optimal duration for prophylaxis. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying thrombus formation in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery, and we review the current literature on the benefit-to-risk ratio associated with preoperative and postoperative initiation of thromboprophylaxis NSC 649890 HCl and also the benefit-to-risk ratio in cases of neuraxial anesthesia. We also discuss the duration of postoperative VTE risk following major orthopedic surgery and assess the

“”critical thrombosis period”" when prophylaxis should be provided. Current literature reflects the need to balance the improved efficacy of initiating prophylaxis close to the surgery with increased risk of perioperative https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dihydrotestosterone.html bleeding. Evidence from pathology, epidemiology, and clinical studies suggests the risk period for VTE begins at surgery and extends well beyond hospitalization-a crucial issue when considering how long to give prophylaxis-and, in the case of total hip arthroplasty, for at least 3 months after surgery. Literature supports the greater use of “”just-in-time”" thromboprophylaxis initiation and after-discharge continuation of optimal prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery patients. Providing optimal thromboprophylaxis throughout the critical thrombosis period where a patient is at VTE risk will ensure the best reductions in VTE-related morbidity and mortality.”
“Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiopaque Portland cement (RPC) facilitates the mineralization process in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) compared with pure Portland cement (PC).

Study design. Under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), cellular morphology was evaluated.

01) mass at d 130. Jejunal RNA and protein concentrations were less (P = 0.07) and DNA was unaffected (P = 0.43) in Control-fed compared with High-fed ewes. Stage of gestation did not affect jejunal RNA, DNA (mg/g), or protein concentrations. Jejunal cellular proliferation was not affected by diet or stage of gestation. In jejunal mucosal tissue, MAPK Inhibitor Library chemical structure capillary number decreased, whereas capillary surface density and area per capillary increased (P = 0.01) with advancing pregnancy (d 50 vs. d 130), but were

independent of diet. Data indicated that intestinal mass as a proportion of maternal BW declined in overnourished, gestating ewe lambs. This response was more pronounced during late gestation and is likely explained by the increasing maternal BW Wortmannin order and adiposity rather than by the changing cellularity or cell proliferation.”
“Aim: The combination of a taxane and capecitabine offers synergistic antitumor activity. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a paclitaxel and capecitabine combination in Thai patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) not previously treated for metastatic disease.

Methods: This open-label,

single-center, non-comparative phase II study was conducted between December 2006 and March 2009. In all 40 MBC patients were treated with oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1 to 14, and weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2) in a 3-week cycle for a total of six cycles.

Results: After a median follow up of 13.4 months, an overall objective LDN-193189 response rate of 80%, with a partial response of 74% and a complete response of 5% were achieved. While 8% of patients achieved stable disease, 13% had progressive disease. Median time to progress was 8 months and median overall

survival was 24.4 months. One patient discontinued because of hypersensitivity to paclitaxel. There was no grade 4 toxicity. Skin and nail toxicity was found in 75% of patients (with 25% in grade 2 or 3), followed by neutropenia (45% in all with 15% in grades 2 or 3), neuropathy (25% in total with 5% in grade 2) and stomatitis and diarrhea (in both of which 5% experienced grade 1 severity).

Conclusion: A first-line regimen of weekly paclitaxel plus capecitabine is effective and tolerable in Thai MBC patients.”
“Purpose: To investigate the differences in the extracranial venous system in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy control (HC) subjects by using magnetic resonance (MR) venography.

Materials and Methods: This HIPAA-compliant, prospective study was approved by the local institutional review board, and all participants gave informed consent. Fifty-seven patients, 41 (72%) with relapsing-remitting MS and 16 (28%) with secondary-progressive MS, and 21 HC subjects were imaged with a 3-T MR unit by using two-dimensional (2D) time-of-flight (TOF) and three-dimensional (3D) time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) sequences.

Urologists can use this nomogram to better inform patients of the potential need for epididymovasostomy and whether specialist referral is needed.”
“The neuregulin 1 (NRG1) receptor ErbB4 is involved in the development of cortical inhibitory GABAergic circuits and NRG1-ErbB4 signaling has been implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). A magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS) study has demonstrated that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in ERBB4, rs7598440, influences human cortical GABA concentrations. Other work has highlighted the significant impact of this genetic variant on

expression of ERBB4 in the hippocampus and dorsolateral Selleck ZD1839 prefrontal cortex in human post mortem tissue. Our aim was to examine the association of rs7598440 with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GABA levels in healthy volunteers (n = 155). We detected a significant Selleck Epacadostat dose-dependent association of the rs7598440 genotype with CSF GABA levels (G-allele standardized beta = -0.23; 95% CIs: -0.39 to -0.07; P=0.0066). GABA concentrations were highest in A homozygous, intermediate in heterozygous, and lowest in G homozygous subjects. When excluding subjects on psychotropic medication (three subjects using antidepressants), the results did not change (G-allele standardized beta=-0.23; 95% CIs: -0.40

to -0.07; P=0.0051). The explained variance in CSF GABA by rs7598440 in our model is 5.2% (P=0.004). The directionality of our findings agrees with the aforementioned H-1-MRS and gene expression studies. Our observation therefore strengthens the evidence that the A-allele of rs7598440 in ERBB4 is associated with increased GABA concentrations in the human central nervous Milciclib research buy system (CNS). To our knowledge, our finding constitutes the first confirmation that CSF can be used to study genotype-phenotype correlations of GABA levels in the CNS. Such quantitative genetic analyses may be extrapolated to other CSF constituents relevant to SCZ in future studies. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 2088-2092; doi:10.1038/npp.2012.57; published online

2 May 2012″
“Nanomedicine, or medicine using nanometric devices, has emerged in the past decade as an exhilarating domain that can help to solve a number of problems linked to unsatisfactory therapeutic responses of so-called ‘old drugs’. This dissatisfaction stems from inadequate biodistribution after a drug’s application, which leads to a limited therapeutic response but also to numerous side effects to healthy organs. The biodistribution of drugs encapsulated in a nanoobject that will act as a vector can be modified to tune its therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a general overview of existing colloidal nanovectors: liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric vesicles, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and dendrimers. We describe their characteristics, advantages and drawbacks, and discuss their use in the treatment of various diseases.