60 +/- 0.05 to 0.55 +/- 0.06 (P = 0.03)) and severity of CSA (apnoea-hypopnoea

index increased from 76.8 +/- 48.8 to 115.9 +/- 20.2 (P = 0.01)), while partial arterial carbon dioxide concentration fell from 29 +/- 3 to 26 +/- 2 (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Contrary to the results at lower altitudes, at high-altitude loop gain and severity of CSA increased.”
“The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of expression of Excision Repair Cross-complementation Group 1 (ERCC1), B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2) and metallothionein (MT) by immunohistochemically staining tumor specimens from 78 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The result showed that positive expression of ERCC1 was associated both with short survival (10.45 months vs. 14.38 months, log-rank p = 0.003) and poor response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy (p = 0.003) when compared https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jq1.html with negative group. But expression of Bcl-2 and MT was not associated with response to chemotherapy and survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that expression of ERCC1 was an independent variable related to overall survival (p = 0.013). These data support the role of RECC1 expression as

a candidate predictor for the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.”
“The lip biopsy is essential for the diagnosis of primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) but an invasive method can cause some disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to apply Raman spectroscopy to detect the pathological minor salivary Compound C glands in primary SS and establish the diagnostic model of Raman spectra of the primary SS samples. Raman spectra from the primary samples and control

samples were obtained by Raman microscope and were compared to find the differences. The principal component analysis (PCA) and discrimination function analysis (DFA) were employed to analyze the spectra and establish the diagnostic model. The differences of Raman spectra demonstrated the biochemical molecular alterations between the different samples. Compared with the control samples, the content Selleck Wnt inhibitor of proteins, nucleic acids, and keratin increased in the primary SS samples but the content of lipids decreased. PCA and DFA displayed a powerful role in the classification of the Raman spectra. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic model reached above 91 and 92 %, respectively. The total accuracy is 92.4 %. Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA-DFA algorithm will provide an effective and accurate technology for the diagnosis of the pathological minor salivary glands in primary SS, which may replace the lip biopsy in the future.”
“Background and objective: The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) plays an important role in inflammation. Few studies have looked at sRAGE levels in human lungs, and there is no information in children.

GST genes (GSTM1, GSTO1 GSTO2, GSTT1) were analysed in three Ecuadorian populations (Cayapas, n = 114; Colorados, n = 104; African-Ecuadorian, n = 77) and compared with HapMap data. GST SNPs were determined using the PCR-RFLP method while GST null phenotype was determined using a Multiplex PCR.

The population INCB024360 supplier relationship achieved using GSTM1 positive/null, GSTO1*A140D, GSTO2*N142D and GSTT1 positive/null are in agreement with the data obtained using neutral polymorphisms: Amerindians are close to Asian populations

and African-Ecuadorians to African populations. To what concerns GSTO1*del155 and GSTO1*K208 variants, allele frequencies never exceeded 10%, showing no significant differences in the Ecuadorian groups and in worldwide populations.

The features of GSTO1*del155 and GSTO1*K208 variants and their association with arsenic biotransformation deficiency suggest the presence of a selection mechanism towards these loci. In particular, this hypothesis is strengthened by a possible linkage between these alleles and the susceptibility of arsenic-induced male infertility.”
“We investigate the mechanical wave propagation in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) induced by two oscillating tips, using molecular dynamics

simulations. We found a mandatory correlation condition between the tip oscillation frequency and magnitude in order to generate a quasi-steady-state standing wave with a characteristic wavelength and frequency changing with the tube radius, but independent of tip conditions. Our findings suggest the possibility of Apoptosis inhibitor using SWNTs as nanopumping systems for potential applications of fluid transport and drug delivery.”
“Objective. We conducted check details a telephonic survey to determine the prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics (NC) in the Moroccan general population. Design. We performed a large nationwide

telephonic survey based upon a random sampling of households in the 16 administrative regions of Morocco to determine the prevalence of chronic pain with NC in the general population. We used a stratified sampling taking into account the number of residents in each region. A sample of households was drawn for each of the 16 regions using systematic sampling. Outcome Measures. A questionnaire aimed at identifying chronic pain (defined as daily pain for at least 3 months), evaluating its intensity, duration, and body locations was used. The Moroccan validated version of DN4 questionnaire was used to identify neuropathic characteristics. Results. A total of 5,328 respondents participated in the survey. 21% of the respondents (1,074) (95%CI: 19,922,2), reported chronic daily pain for more than 3 months. The point prevalence of chronic pain with NC, was 10.6% (95% CI: 9,7511,45). The prevalence was higher in women and individuals older than 60. Chronic pain with NC was significantly more prevalent in women, elderly, illiterate respondents, and respondents from lower social class.

We also documented a statistically significant improvement in physical and behavioral function. All subjects showed a significant reduction in the oral opioid consumption. The dose of IT opioids remained low and virtually unchanged for 36 months of followup: 1.4 morphine equivalent/day at 6 months and 1.48 at 36 months. Oral opioid averaged 128.9 mg of morphine equivalent/patient/day at baseline to 3.8 at 3 month and remained at the same level throughout the study. Conclusion. Low-dose LY2835219 Cell Cycle inhibitor IT opioid can provide sustained significant improvement in pain and

function for long-term follow-up in chronic noncancer pain.”
“Objective-To explore perceptions of faculty educators regarding the importance of nontechnical competencies in veterinary Selleckchem BI 2536 graduates and the placement of nontechnical competency development in veterinary education.

Design-Survey.

Sample Population-All faculty members at 5 North American veterinary medical institutions.

Procedures-Participants rated the importance of 14 nontechnical competencies and indicated in which phase or phases

of veterinary education such competencies should be developed lie, curriculum placement). Differences in mean ratings were statistically evaluated, as were associations between ratings or curriculum placement and respondent institution, gender, experience, and discipline.

Results-Mean ratings of importance were above neutral for all competencies and were highest for ethical, critical thinking, and interpersonal and intrapersonal competencies; development of these competencies was favored in preveterinary and veterinary training. Ratings click here were lower for management and business competencies; development of these and other competencies was placed primarily in the clinical phase of the veterinary curriculum. Basic science, nonveterinarian, and junior faculty appeared to more strongly appreciate the importance of nontechnical skills, whereas large animal

and midcareer faculty reported a more reserved degree of support. Female faculty were more likely to place nontechnical competency development throughout the educational process.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Participants agreed nontechnical competencies are important for veterinary graduates; however, faculty perceptions differed from previously published findings regarding the relative importance of business and management skills. Those involved in faculty hiring, faculty development, and curricular planning should also be aware of disciplinary and career stage differences affecting faculty perspectives. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:53-64)”
“Objectives. The objectives of this study were to test for differences in prescription monitoring program (PMP) use between two states, Connecticut (CT) and Rhode Island (RI), with a different PMP accessibility; to explore use of PMP reports in clinical practice; and to examine associations between PMP use and clinician’s responses to suspected diversion or doctor shopping (i.e.

The micelle properties were studied by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectrometry. An in vitro degradation study showed that the synthesized polymers degraded hydrolytically within 24 h under physiological conditions. The stability of paclitaxel-loaded pH-sensitive micelles was evaluated in vitro. The introduced deoxycholic

acid more stabilized the micelles at pH 7.4 compared to the micelles without modification. But the pH-sensitive region of the micelles was lowered from pH 6.8 to pH 5.8. These results indicate that pH-sensitive micelles with improved stability have great potential as hydrophobic drug carriers for tumor targeting. LDK378 molecular weight (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 3431-3438, 2010″
“Study Design. Prospective clinical series.

Objective. To determine how many thoracic scoliotic pedicles have cancellous versus cortical versus absent channels.

Summary of Background Data. Although morphologic evaluations of thoracic pedicles have been well reported, the results do not practically reflect clinical findings during actual pedicle screw placement. We propose a novel pedicle channel classification describing the osseous anatomy INCB024360 nmr encountered during pedicle probe insertion.

Methods. We noted 4 pedicle types in 53 consecutive scoliosis patients.

Type A: pedicle probe smoothly inserted without difficulty; the morphology is described as a “”Large Cancellous Channel.”" Type B: pedicle probe inserted snugly with increased force; described as a “”Small Cancellous Channel.”" Type C: pedicle probe cannot be manually pushed

but must be tapped with a mallet down the pedicle into the body; described as a “”Cortical Channel.”" Type D: pedicle probe cannot locate a channel thus necessitating a “”juxtapedicular”" screw position; described as a “”Slit/Absent Channel.”" The average age at time of surgery was 23.4 +/- 16.7 years. Diagnoses included idiopathic scoliosis (n = 38) and syndromic scoliosis (n = 15). The average main thoracic Cobb angle was 73 degrees +/- 26 degrees. Evaluation of pedicle morphology of the 4 types was also performed check details in 21 consecutive cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using preoperative computed tomography images.

Results. A total of 1021 pedicles with screws placed were evaluated. The average percent per type was as follows: 61.0% type A; 29.2% type B, 6.8% type C, and 3.0% type D. On the convexity, 98.2% of pedicles were type A or B versus 81.5% on the concavity (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between adolescent versus adult idiopathic scoliosis (P = 0.007), and syndromic scoliosis versus adult idiopathic scoliosis (P = 0.017) regarding pedicle morphologic proportions. There was a significant tendency toward a decrease in the proportion of type A pedicles, an increase in the proportion of type B pedicles as the Cobb angle increased (P < 0.0001).

2%) conditions. The CI group was more accurate in recognizing rising contour in the melodic condition compared with rising intonation in the spoken condition. Pitch ranking was a significant predictor of outcome for both groups in falling intonation and rising melodic contour; age at testing and hearing history variables were not predictive of outcomes.

Conclusion: Children with CIs were VE-821 mouse less accurate than NH children in perception of speech intonation, melodic contour, and pitch ranking. However, the larger pitch excursions of the melodic condition may assist in recognition of the rising inflection associated with the interrogative form.”
“Although some elements of renal physiology can be traced

to scattered references in Greek medical writings,

mainly in Hippocrates’ and Erasistratus’ works, it was Galen who made the first breakthrough observations regarding the function of the kidneys. He often wrote his observations not as a diatribe, but as a confrontation with other physicians, mainly of the Erasistratian School. He outlined the great importance of the disproportionally large blood supply of the kidneys, an over-proportion not observed in any other organ, rightly arguing that this is a teleological procedure to achieve satisfactory body clearance. He challenged the dominant idea that blood purification and hence the formation of urine took place in the large branches of the renal vessels. He strongly check details argued that the special structure of the kidney tissue was responsible for their cathartic ability. Although he had no idea of

the histology of the kidney, he made some beautiful similitudes to explain the filtering capacity of the renal tissue. From Galen onwards, very few changes and additions can be traced in Greek and thereafter Byzantine medical texts, regarding renal physiology. It is Johannes Actuarius who, 12 centuries later, writes an extensive treatise on urine and presents his point of view on renal physiology, mainly as conclusions from the NSC 23766 pathological findings of uroscopy. In the present paper, we compare the 2 physicians’ approaches on the function of the kidneys, which can be attributed to the accumulation of medical knowledge over the 12 centuries that separate them.”
“Background and objective: Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a pulmonary procedure that can be challenging to learn. This study aims to compare trainee EBUS-TBNA performance during clinical procedures, following training with a computer EBUS-TBNA simulator versus conventional clinical EBUS-TBNA training.

Methods: A prospective study of pulmonary trainees performing EBUS-TBNA procedures on patients with suspected lung cancer and mediastinal adenopathy. Two cohorts of trainees were each evaluated while performing EBUS-TBNA on two patients. Group 1 received training by performing 15 cases on an EBUS-TBNA simulator (n = 4) and had never performed a clinical EBUS-TBNA procedure.

We observed in via/line Cu interconnect structures that voids are formed directly beneath the via, i.e., in the Cu wide line at the edge of the via bottom. It is concluded that voids are originally formed at the site where eventually the catastrophic failure occurs. During stress migration tests, Cu atoms migrate from regions

of low stress to regions of high tensile stress, and simultaneously, vacancies migrate along the stress gradient (within a limited range of some microns) in the opposite direction to the location where small vias connect wide Cu lines. The stress distribution and the driving forces for atomic transport depend strongly on the particular geometry of the tested structure but also on interface bonding and metal GDC-0068 in vivo microstructure.

Vacancies form agglomerates and subsequently voids that grow further. The void growth rate depends on the Cu thin film material buy eFT-508 and its microstructure, particularly the grain size and the grain orientations. The Cu. microstructure in the surroundings of the formed void shows that Cu grains are predominantly (111) oriented relatively to the wafer surface. Interfaces and grain boundaries, and particularly their orientation, determine the void evolution dynamics. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3254166]“
“Objective-To determine whether plasma total CO2 concentrations would vary with the size of the evacuated tube used to collect blood samples.

Design-Randomized crossover study.

Animals-Convenience sample of 20 healthy adult horses.

Procedures-Jugular venous blood was collected from horses in random order into 8 types of evacuated tubes: 2-mL glass,

2- or 3-mL plastic or plastic plasma separator, 4- or 6-mL plastic, and 10-mL glass or plastic. Total CO2 concentrations in plasma were measured with a biochemistry analyzer. Data were analyzed via repeated-measures ANOVA and multivariate regression.

Results-The air volume-to-blood volume ratio was significantly higher GSK1120212 and consequently, plasma total CO2 concentration was significantly lower when blood was collected into 2-mL glass tubes and 2- or 3-mL plastic tubes than when the other 5 types of evacuated tubes were used. Concentrations in the other tube types were statistically equivalent. A linear relationship was detected between total CO2 concentration and air volume-to-blood volume ratio.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Blood samples should be collected into evacuated tubes with a small air volume-to-blood volume ratio whenever an accurate estimate of plasma total CO2 concentration is required. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;241:922-926)”
“Preterm birth can be caused by intrauterine infection and maternal/fetal inflammatory responses. Maternal inflammation (chorioamnionitis) is often followed by a systemic fetal inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the fetal circulation.

Four cases are reported. The nerve fibers of the subepithelial nerve plexus showed strong positivity for S-100, CD56, and synaptophysin, and were intimately associated with epithelial islands. CD56 showed positivity around the periphery of the epithelial islands. Proper recognition of these anatomic structures is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion.”
“The risk of patients with Hirschsprung’s disease later developing

multiple endocrine neoplasia remains a matter of concern. The multiple endocrine neoplasia 2-Hirschsprung’s disease association has been shown to cosegregate in Hirschsprung’s disease patients with both short-and long-segment AZD1480 aganglionosis, although patients with long-segment aganglionosis

a to carry the greatest risk. The Hirschsprung’s disease-medullary thyroid carcinoma relationship also appears to be bi-directional, and activation or suppression of the rearranged during transfection gene appeared to vary over succeeding generations within the same family. Rearranged during transfection gene variations are associated with both conditions. The cosegregation of Hirschsprung’s disease HKI-272 ic50 and multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 is particularly interesting as it involves both “”switch off” and “”switch on” of the rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene in the same patient. This cosegregation mostly relates to the cysteine-rich area on RET-620 (the “”Janus gene”). The mechanism whereby rearranged during transfection influences gene activation

in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 is complex, but genetic variations impair the rearranged during transfection tyrosine kinase response to tyrosine kinase activation, thus appearing to dictate downstream signaling cascade responses. Better understanding of the RET-620 relationship allows for a more cost-effective method of identifying those at risk by focusing rearranged during SCH727965 manufacturer transfection gene testing to this specific area as a “”hot spot”. The clinical awareness of possible medullary thyroid carcinoma has led to timely intervention and early treatment of this chemo-and radioresistant tumor with poor prognosis. Establishment of “”risk” by genetic testing has become a classic model of molecular medicine being integrated into patient care and offering rearranged during transfection-directed prophylactic surgical management. In addition, novel approaches to treatment based on this genetic knowledge have already shown early promise in randomized clinical trials.”
“Aims:

Previous studies have observed an association between unmarried status of the mother and adverse perinatal outcome such as increased rate of preterm deliveries, low birthweight and small-for-gestational-age infants. In Israel, attendance of prenatal care is imposed by the state and is not related to socioeconomic status; therefore, unmarried women are expected to have a similar prenatal care as married women.

To test our hypothesis,

we crossed MUC1 transgenic mice, which express human MUC1 under the endogenous promoter, with the loxP-Stop-loxP-KraS(G12D/+) (Kras) mice, in which endometriosis can be induced through Cre-loxP recombination. The double transgenic MUC1 Kras mice develop benign, MUC1-positive ovarian lesions, closely resembling human endometriosis. Subsequent to disease induction, the mice generate high titers of IgM and IgG antibodies that are specific Caspase-dependent apoptosis for MUC1. Antibodies appear early in disease and the predominance of the IgG1 subclass suggests Th2-driven immunity. Immune phenotyping revealed an accumulation of Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the draining lymph nodes at selleck chemicals late-stage disease. Furthermore, our observations in human endometriosis showed a similar recruitment of FOXP3+ CD4 T cells. Overall, our results reveal a Th2/Treg-dominant natural immunity in endometriosis with potential implications

for cancer progression.”
“Objectives: To determine the prophylactic efficacy of an Sm-p80-based vaccine formulation against challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni in mice using an approach comprising of initial priming with DNA and boosting with recombinant protein in the presence of resiquimod (R848) as an adjuvant.

Methods: In the first experiment (prime-boost approach), mice were primed with Sm-p80-pcDNA3 (week 0) and boosted at weeks 4 and 8 with recombinant Sm-p80 formulated in resiquimod (R848). Each learn more mouse in the control group first received only pcDNA3 and was boosted with R848. In the second set of experiments (recombinant protein approach), mice were immunized (week 0) and boosted (weeks 4 and 8) with rSm-p80 formulated in R848. Animals of the control group in this series of experiments received only R848 at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. All of the animals from both the ‘prime-boost’ and ‘recombinant protein’ groups were challenged with cercariae of S. mansoni, 4 weeks after the last immunization. The mice were sacrificed 6 weeks post-challenge and the reductions in worm burden and egg production were determined. Sm-p80-specific antibody titers were

estimated in the mice sera by ELISA. Cytokine mRNA and protein production by proliferating splenocytes in response to in vitro stimulation with Sm-p80, were estimated via RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively.

Results: Vaccination with Sm-p80 (prime-boost approach) showed 49% reduction in worm burden; with the recombinant protein approach the protection was found to be 50%. The protection levels were correlated with antibody production. Upon antigenic stimulation with recombinant Sm-p80, splenocytes secreted significant levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, indicating that the immune responses were Th1-biased and this was further supported in terms of distribution of antibody isotypes and mRNA expression of cytokines.

The implication and potential application of nanoscale metallic nanoparticles as oxygen carriers in CLC are discussed.

CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional sized iron particles, the reduction of particle size to nanoscale can offer a number of advantages, such as increased reactivity, reduced mass resistance and enhanced heat transfer, however, a number of practical factors associated with increased specific surface area

need to be assessed carefully. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objective: This longitudinal study aims to gain more insight in both the changes in personal control due to a breast cancer diagnosis, as well as in the stress-buffering effect of personal control.

Methods: Personal IPI-549 mouse control and distress were assessed in breast cancer patients not treated with chemotherapy (n = 47), breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (n = 32) and in healthy women (n = 58) at 3, 9 and 15 months after diagnosis.

Results:

Results indicate that personal control was affected only in patients treated with chemotherapy, particularly right after the completion of treatment. Furthermore, the cross-sectional and longitudinal results provide modest support for the stress-buffering potential of control.

Conclusions: The findings and future directions of research on the. role of personal control in the adjustment to cancer will be discussed. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“BACKGROUND: Doramapimod The process of chemical pulp bleaching is based for the most part in chlorine dioxide within Selleck Oligomycin A elemental chlorine free (ECF) technologies. The use of greener alternatives such as bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (P stage) is not widely used owing to selectivity concerns related to transition metal-catalyzed

decomposition reactions. Even at the final stage where peroxide is recognized to boost brightness and improve the brightness stability of the bleached pulp, cellulose degradation often overcomes these advantages. This paper presents the results of studies intended to optimize final peroxide bleaching performance considering two standard ECF industrial bleaching sequences: the conventional DED and the ECF-light OQ(PO) D (stages name: D – chlorine dioxide; E – alkaline extraction; O – oxygen; Q – chelation, (PO) – hydrogen peroxide pressurized with oxygen).

RESULTS: The addition of sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) was the most effective option in terms of DED pulp bleachability and selectivity with hydrogen peroxide, as well as in terms of brightness reversion. As regards the OQ(PO)D pulp, a blend of DTPA and magnesium was the most beneficial in those properties.

He is now doing well at 1-year follow-up with independent ambulation and a regular diet.

Conclusion. Acute celiac artery compression after surgical kyphosis correction is a rare but potentially serious adverse event. Spinal deformity surgeons and intensivists should be aware of this entity, and should have a high index of suspicion

for it if sepsis of unknown origin, an acute abdomen, or elevated liver enzymes are encountered after surgery RSL3 chemical structure after correction of a kyphotic deformity.”
“Background: The definitive treatment for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), while the surgical treatment of choice for UC is restorative protocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). While studies to date show that OLT may impact the outcome of IPAA, the effect of IPAA on the surgical outcome of OLT is not known.

Methods: All eligible patients (those with PSC and OLT) from our prospectively

maintained OLT and Pouch Databases were included. Patient and OLT graft survivals along with surgical outcomes were assessed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.

Results: Seventy-nine patients with OLT for PSC were studied, including those with UC (PSC + OLT + UC, n=27) or without UC (PSC + OLT, n=30), and with UC and IPAA (PSC + OLT + UC + IPAA, n=22). In the PSC + OLT + UC group, 23 (85.2%) had UC before OLT and 4 (14.8%) had UC diagnosed after OLT. In the PSC + OLT + UC + IPAA group, 9 (40.9%) had IPM-then-OLT and 13 (59.1%) had OLT-then-IPAA, while 21(95.5%) had UC before OLT and 1 (4.5%) had selleck UC diagnosed after OLT. Kaplan Meier survival curve showed no statistical differences in patient and graft survivals between the 3 groups. In univariable analysis, there was no statistical difference for acute and chronic rejection, hepatic artery thrombosis, stricture, bile leak and acute and chronic

renal failure for the 3 groups. In multivariable analysis, no factors were found to be associated with bacterennia selleck kinase inhibitor or intra-abdominal abscess.

Conclusions: The presence of the IPAA in OLT for PSC patients appears not to have a negative impact on patient and graft survivals and post-operative complications. (C) 2012 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) is a halophyte that grows in the salt marshes and has been used as a seasoned vegetable and a traditional folk medicine. In the present study, the antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of glasswort seeds on human colon and intestinal cells were investigated. A series of solvent fractions, including fractions of hexane (Fr.H), ethyl ether (Fr.E), ethyl acetate (Fr.EA), and water (Fr.W) were prepared from 70% methanol extract of glasswort seeds. Fr.EA contained the highest level of total polyphenols and flavonoids followed by Fr.E.